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This article explores the meaning of environmental protection and the mechanisms and governance structures that are used to achieve environmental objectives. A taxonomy of domestic environmental policy instruments is provided, along with a discussion of the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity issues associated with the different approaches. The article also reviews the international governance system that has been established to facilitate environmental protection. Readers are provided with a brief introduction to international environmental law, the international environmental bureaucracy, and international environmental financial mechanisms and their role in protecting the environment.
Clive Hamilton; Andrew Macintosh; Nicoletta Patrizi; Simone Bastianoni. Environmental Protection and Ecology. Encyclopedia of Ecology 2019, 319 -326.
AMA StyleClive Hamilton, Andrew Macintosh, Nicoletta Patrizi, Simone Bastianoni. Environmental Protection and Ecology. Encyclopedia of Ecology. 2019; ():319-326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClive Hamilton; Andrew Macintosh; Nicoletta Patrizi; Simone Bastianoni. 2019. "Environmental Protection and Ecology." Encyclopedia of Ecology , no. : 319-326.
One of the main goals of any (sustainability) indicator should be the communication of a clear, unambiguous, and simplified message about the status of the analyzed system. The selected indicator is expected to declare explicitly how its numerical value depicts a situation, for example, positive or negative, sustainable or unsustainable, especially when a comparison among similar or competitive systems is performed. This aspect should be a primary and discriminating issue when the selection of a set of opportune indicators is operated. The Ecological Footprint (EF) has become one of the most popular and widely used sustainability indicators. It is a resource accounting method with an area based metric in which the units of measure are global hectares or hectares with world average bio-productivity. Its main goal is to underline the link between the (un)sustainability level of a product, a system, an activity or a population life style, with the land demand for providing goods, energy, and ecological services needed to sustain that product, system, activity, or population. Therefore, the traditional rationale behind the message of EF is: the larger EF value, the larger environmental impact in terms of resources use, the lower position in the sustainability rank. The aim of this paper was to investigate if this rationale is everywhere opportune and unambiguous, or if sometimes its use requires paying a special attention. Then, a three-dimensional modification of the classical EF framework for the sustainability evaluation of a product has been proposed following a previous work by Niccolucci and co-authors (2009). Finally, the potentialities of the model have been tested by using a case study from the agricultural context.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Elena Neri; Simone Bastianoni. The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse. Resources 2018, 7, 65 .
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Valentina Niccolucci, Riccardo M. Pulselli, Elena Neri, Simone Bastianoni. The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Elena Neri; Simone Bastianoni. 2018. "The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse." Resources 7, no. 4: 65.
Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Giulia Goffetti; Elena Neri; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Stefano Magaudda; Simone Bastianoni. CATEGORIZATION AND GEO-LOCALIZATION OF MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA. Sustainable Development and Planning X 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleGiulia Goffetti, Elena Neri, Riccardo M. Pulselli, Nicoletta Patrizi, Stefano Magaudda, Simone Bastianoni. CATEGORIZATION AND GEO-LOCALIZATION OF MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA. Sustainable Development and Planning X. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Goffetti; Elena Neri; Riccardo M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Stefano Magaudda; Simone Bastianoni. 2018. "CATEGORIZATION AND GEO-LOCALIZATION OF MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA." Sustainable Development and Planning X , no. : 1.
Andrea Collins; Alessandro Galli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Federico Maria Pulselli. Learning and teaching sustainability: The contribution of Ecological Footprint calculators. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 174, 1000 -1010.
AMA StyleAndrea Collins, Alessandro Galli, Nicoletta Patrizi, Federico Maria Pulselli. Learning and teaching sustainability: The contribution of Ecological Footprint calculators. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 174 ():1000-1010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Collins; Alessandro Galli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Federico Maria Pulselli. 2018. "Learning and teaching sustainability: The contribution of Ecological Footprint calculators." Journal of Cleaner Production 174, no. : 1000-1010.
This study aims to assess the sustainability of an agroforestry system: i.e. a system obtained by the union of two productions to get at least two by-products from the same productive space. In particular, this case study presents the integration of a goose raising system with an organic grape production, from an environmental point of view. This integration is mainly designed to have two simultaneous co-products (grape and goose meat) with: i) a less intensive use of machineries for weeding and ii) avoiding use of chemical fertilizers and weeding. The sustainability is assessed by means of emergy evaluation. Emergy is a thermodynamic based tool able to estimates the environmental cost of products and services in terms of the solar energy (directly and indirectly) required for its production. As Emergy is not a state function, its final value depends on the way the product is made. The set theory applied to the emergy evaluation enables the comparison between the integrated system and the originating isolated systems in a proper way. Results confirm that the integrated system enables a saving, in emergy terms, amounting to 33% compared to the two originating isolated production systems. Emergy evaluation is able to keep track of the lower amount of resources required from outside the agroforestry system due to the optimization of resources internally available.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Cesare Castellini; Federico M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 622-623, 1543 -1552.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Valentina Niccolucci, Cesare Castellini, Federico M. Pulselli, Simone Bastianoni. Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 622-623 ():1543-1552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Valentina Niccolucci; Cesare Castellini; Federico M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. 2017. "Sustainability of agro-livestock integration: Implications and results of Emergy evaluation." Science of The Total Environment 622-623, no. : 1543-1552.
Due to growing interest in biofuels as alternative renewable energy sources, several recent studies have assessed the sustainability of their production. Emergy is a widely used environmental indicator for this purpose, as it counts exploitation of natural resources and direct and indirect solar energy requirements of biofuel production. Depending on whether a biofuel is first, second or third generation, its production system differs in nature and the indications derived from emergy evaluations vary as well. This article aims to provide guidelines on how to interpret and properly use the results of emergy evaluation of first, second and third generation biofuels. These guidelines are useful for correct emergy assessment of biofuels and clarify the actual meaning of emergy evaluation outcomes
Fabrizio Saladini; Nicoletta Patrizi; Federico M. Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini; Simone Bastianoni. Guidelines for emergy evaluation of first, second and third generation biofuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2016, 66, 221 -227.
AMA StyleFabrizio Saladini, Nicoletta Patrizi, Federico M. Pulselli, Nadia Marchettini, Simone Bastianoni. Guidelines for emergy evaluation of first, second and third generation biofuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016; 66 ():221-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Saladini; Nicoletta Patrizi; Federico M. Pulselli; Nadia Marchettini; Simone Bastianoni. 2016. "Guidelines for emergy evaluation of first, second and third generation biofuels." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 66, no. : 221-227.
Luca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul C. Sutton. Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 547, 484 -484.
AMA StyleLuca Coscieme, Federico M. Pulselli, Valentina Niccolucci, Nicoletta Patrizi, Paul C. Sutton. Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 547 ():484-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul C. Sutton. 2016. "Corrigendum to “Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint” [Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 539, 2016, Pages 551–559]." Science of The Total Environment 547, no. : 484-484.
The comparison of the Ecological Footprint and its counterpart (i.e. biocapacity) allow for a classification of the world's countries as ecological creditors (Ecological Footprint lower than biocapacity) or debtors (Ecological Footprint higher than biocapacity). This classification is a national scale assessment on an annual time scale that provides a view of the ecological assets appropriated by the local population versus the natural ecological endowment of a country. We show that GDP per capita over a certain threshold is related with the worsening of the footprint balance in countries classified as ecological debtors. On the other hand, this correlation is lost when ecological creditor nations are considered. There is evidence that governments and investors from high GDP countries are playing a crucial role in impacting the environment at the global scale which is significantly affecting the geography of sustainability and preventing equal opportunities for development. In particular, international market dynamics and the concentration of economic power facilitate the transfer of biocapacity related to "land grabbing", i.e. large scale acquisition of agricultural land. This transfer mainly occurs from low to high GDP countries, regardless of the actual need of foreign biocapacity, as expressed by the national footprint balance. A first estimation of the amount of biocapacity involved in this phenomenon is provided in this paper in order to better understand its implications on global sustainability and national and international land use policy
Luca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul Sutton. Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 539, 551 -559.
AMA StyleLuca Coscieme, Federico M. Pulselli, Valentina Niccolucci, Nicoletta Patrizi, Paul Sutton. Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 539 ():551-559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Coscieme; Federico M. Pulselli; Valentina Niccolucci; Nicoletta Patrizi; Paul Sutton. 2016. "Accounting for “land-grabbing” from a biocapacity viewpoint." Science of The Total Environment 539, no. : 551-559.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Federico M. Pulselli; Fabiana Morandi; Simone Bastianoni. Evaluation of the emergy investment needed for bioethanol production in a biorefinery using residual resources and energy. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015, 96, 549 -556.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Federico M. Pulselli, Fabiana Morandi, Simone Bastianoni. Evaluation of the emergy investment needed for bioethanol production in a biorefinery using residual resources and energy. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015; 96 ():549-556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Federico M. Pulselli; Fabiana Morandi; Simone Bastianoni. 2015. "Evaluation of the emergy investment needed for bioethanol production in a biorefinery using residual resources and energy." Journal of Cleaner Production 96, no. : 549-556.
Nicoletta Patrizi; F. Morandi; F. M. Pulselli. Emergy evaluation and Life Cycle Assessment of a second generation bioethanol production. The Sustainable City IX 2014, 1, 1051 -1061.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, F. Morandi, F. M. Pulselli. Emergy evaluation and Life Cycle Assessment of a second generation bioethanol production. The Sustainable City IX. 2014; 1 ():1051-1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; F. Morandi; F. M. Pulselli. 2014. "Emergy evaluation and Life Cycle Assessment of a second generation bioethanol production." The Sustainable City IX 1, no. : 1051-1061.
Nicoletta Patrizi; Dario Caro; Federico M. Pulselli; Anne Belinda Bjerre; Simone Bastianoni. Environmental feasibility of partial substitution of gasoline with ethanol in the Province of Siena (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production 2013, 47, 388 -395.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, Dario Caro, Federico M. Pulselli, Anne Belinda Bjerre, Simone Bastianoni. Environmental feasibility of partial substitution of gasoline with ethanol in the Province of Siena (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production. 2013; 47 ():388-395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; Dario Caro; Federico M. Pulselli; Anne Belinda Bjerre; Simone Bastianoni. 2013. "Environmental feasibility of partial substitution of gasoline with ethanol in the Province of Siena (Italy)." Journal of Cleaner Production 47, no. : 388-395.
R. M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; F. M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. A sustainability evaluation of vertical greenery systems based on emergy. Eco-Architecture IV 2012, 165, 229 -238.
AMA StyleR. M. Pulselli, Nicoletta Patrizi, F. M. Pulselli, Simone Bastianoni. A sustainability evaluation of vertical greenery systems based on emergy. Eco-Architecture IV. 2012; 165 ():229-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; F. M. Pulselli; Simone Bastianoni. 2012. "A sustainability evaluation of vertical greenery systems based on emergy." Eco-Architecture IV 165, no. : 229-238.
Emergy is a thermodynamics-based entity that enables the implementation of a holistic environmental accounting system. It contributes to identify and measure all the inputs (energy and matter) supporting a given system, expressed in a common unit, namely solar emergy joule (sej). The emergy per unit product (called unit emergy value, UEV), is a measure of the environmental cost of a given resource. It is specific of the system/process and gives information on the dynamics, components and functioning of it. This paper presents the emergy evaluation of water resources within the watershed of the river Sieve, located in the Province of Florence (Italy). Along the river, an artificial basin has been created by means of a dam to preserve water quantity and quality, and to protect the Florentine area from dangerous floods and inundations. Different UEVs of water can be identified along the course of the river, especially upstream and downstream of the dam. These values quantify both the environmental and human efforts made to ensure and regulate the presence of water at different points of the river. The UEV of water flowing in the river increases from 1.35 × 105 sej/g upstream, to 5.80 × 105 sej/g downstream of the dam, depending mainly on man-made infrastructure. Along the watershed, three different systems of extraction, purification and distribution of water have been chosen on the basis of their dimension, type and location. UEVs of water distributed and the emergy investment necessary to implement different water management strategies are presented. The value of water purified and distributed decreases from 2.00 × 106 sej/g for the smallest plant in the mountainous area, to 1.72 × 106 sej/g for the largest plant, in the city of Florence, depending on production efficiency.
Federico M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Silvia Focardi. Calculation of the unit emergy value of water in an Italian watershed. Ecological Modelling 2011, 222, 2929 -2938.
AMA StyleFederico M. Pulselli, Nicoletta Patrizi, Silvia Focardi. Calculation of the unit emergy value of water in an Italian watershed. Ecological Modelling. 2011; 222 (16):2929-2938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico M. Pulselli; Nicoletta Patrizi; Silvia Focardi. 2011. "Calculation of the unit emergy value of water in an Italian watershed." Ecological Modelling 222, no. 16: 2929-2938.
Nicoletta Patrizi; C. Capineri; Benedetto Rugani; Valentina Niccolucci. “Socio-economic Design and Nature” : a possible representation through ecological footprint. DESIGN AND NATURE 2010 2010, 138, 527 -534.
AMA StyleNicoletta Patrizi, C. Capineri, Benedetto Rugani, Valentina Niccolucci. “Socio-economic Design and Nature” : a possible representation through ecological footprint. DESIGN AND NATURE 2010. 2010; 138 ():527-534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicoletta Patrizi; C. Capineri; Benedetto Rugani; Valentina Niccolucci. 2010. "“Socio-economic Design and Nature” : a possible representation through ecological footprint." DESIGN AND NATURE 2010 138, no. : 527-534.
Nadia Marchettini; Nicoletta Patrizi; F. M. Pulselli; E. Tiezzi. The role of a dam in a water management system in Italy: physical and economic implications. Ecosytems and Sustainable Development VII 2009, 122, 537 -545.
AMA StyleNadia Marchettini, Nicoletta Patrizi, F. M. Pulselli, E. Tiezzi. The role of a dam in a water management system in Italy: physical and economic implications. Ecosytems and Sustainable Development VII. 2009; 122 ():537-545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadia Marchettini; Nicoletta Patrizi; F. M. Pulselli; E. Tiezzi. 2009. "The role of a dam in a water management system in Italy: physical and economic implications." Ecosytems and Sustainable Development VII 122, no. : 537-545.