Lung cancer remains a significant health challenge, characterized by aberrant tissue growth within the pulmonary system. Early carcinogenic events often involve genomic instability and the emergence of a mutator phenotype. In this study, we aimed to explore the mutator phenotype in 89 patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNA isolation from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples was performed using the Promega ReliaPrep RNA Miniprep System, facilitating gene amplification relevant to cancer through the Archer^® FusionPlexComprehensiveThyroid and Lung (CTL) kit. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina NextSeq platform enabled comprehensive analysis of target areas. Utilizing Archer Analysis software, secondary analyses involving data cleansing, alignment, and variant/fusion identification were executed against the human reference genome hg19 (GRCh37). Expression patterns were visualized using HeatMap graphics. Our findings revealed a notable presence of KRAS gene mutations in approximately 20% of NSCLC patients. Among these mutations, the G12C variant was predominant at 50%, followed by G12V and G12D variants at 11.2% each. Notably, patients harboring the G12C variant responded favorably to sotorasib medication. These results underscore the importance of mutational profiling and targeted therapeutic approaches in managing NSCLC, particularly highlighting the promising efficacy of sotorasib in G12C-mutated cases.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a debilitating endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects a large proportion of women in their reproductive years. It differs by a range of symptoms including polycystic ovary appearance, hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Despite years of research, the exact cause of PCOS remains elusive, but recent studies have suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Of particular interest are micro-RNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that are transcribed from DNA but not translated into protein. Recent research has demonstrated that abnormal expression of miRNAs is present in PCOS and may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current knowledge and challenges related to abnormal miRNA expression in PCOS, shedding light on a potential avenue for targeted therapies and improved management of this debilitating condition. The review summarizes the findings from various studies that have investigated the role of miRNAs in PCOS. It discusses the specific miRNAs that have been found to be dysregulated in PCOS and their potential impact on the pathophysiology of the disease. The review also highlights the challenges associated with studying miRNAs, including the complexity of their regulation and the need for standardized methodologies for miRNA profiling. Based on the available evidence, abnormal expression of miRNAs appears to be a significant contributor to the development and progression of PCOS. Targeting these dysregulated miRNAs could offer new therapeutic strategies for the management of PCOS. Biomarkers and gene therapies associated with miRNA may improve the accuracy and effectiveness of PCOS diagnosis and treatment. However, further research is needed to fully understand the functional roles of specific miRNAs and their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.

Quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with improved survival rates in prehospital arrest cases. Although CPR guidelines emphasize compression depth, rate, and recoil, individual anatomical and biomechanical factors influencing CPR performance remain underexplored. This study aims to determine the optimal CPR position by focusing on individual positional conditions and anthropometric data to improve CPR effectiveness and guide team member selection in emergency scenarios. A cross-sectional study involving 123 paramedic associate degree students was conducted. Anthropometric measurements including upper extremity length, biceps circumference, and femur length were obtained. CPR performance was assessed using a feedback-capable mannequin, with data collected on compression depth, frequency, rhythm quality, and compression/decompression ratios. Positional parameters such as knee and hip angles, distance between knees, and distance from the mannequin were recorded and analyzed in relation to CPR outcomes. Male participants demonstrated significantly higher CPR quality scores than females (65.09 ± 28.26 vs. 48.85 ± 27.11, p = 0.004). Positive correlations were found between BMI (r = 0.239, p = 0.008), upper extremity length (r = 0.364, p < 0.001), biceps circumference (r = 0.350, p < 0.001), and CPR quality metrics. A moderate inter-knee position (shoulder-width distance) provided superior compression depth and rhythm stability compared to narrow or wide positions (p < 0.001). Anthropometric and positional factors significantly influence CPR performance. Emergency team members with appropriate physical profiles (e.g., greater muscle mass, limb length, BMI) and adopting occupational ergonomic factors (e.g., moderate knee range, limited joint flexion) may improve CPR quality in the prehospital setting.