This work investigates the influence of the parameters of a unipolar corona discharge (the treatment time, voltage) on the performance and selectivity of separation of model emulsions “oil in water” based on the oil in the Devonian deposits of the Tomatocage field (Republic of Tatarstan) using polyacrylonitrile membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of particles of 60 kDa. The values of chemical oxygen demand of the original emulsions and filtrates are determined. The values of the processing time (30 s) and voltage of the corona (5 kV) on membranes which achieved the best performance and selectivity of the separation process of oil-water emulsion are determined. The methods of lying drop, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy showed changes in the surface structure and internal structure of the treated membrane. In particular, there was decrease in the wetting angle from 45.1° to 43.3° and an increase in the degree of crystallinity from 0.15 to 0.18, which was due to the flow on the surface of the PES membrane processes of etching and oxidation resulting from exposure to a unipolar corona discharge ozone, which is also confirmed by images of the surface of the filter elements and the histograms of the topography, on the basis of which it showed a decrease in height and number of protrusions from 42 nm and 7500 to 10 nm and 2500.

Microporous composite membranes containing from one to three ultrathin layers are obtained by a multistage immersion of a paper base in a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. The physicochemical properties of the membranes are studied and the parameters of the membrane separation of heavy metal ions from tap water are determined. An increase in the particle size and a decrease in the absolute value of the ζ potential with the increase in the concentration of cellulose acetate in acetone are revealed. It is found that the membrane porosity increases from 47 to 51% depending on the number of ultrathin cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface. A decrease in the moisture absorption of the composite membranes and an increase in the contact angle of wetting with distilled water from 30.0 to 68.8°, depending on the number of ultrathin layers, are observed. The scanning electron microscopy investigation of the membrane surface shows that the ultrathin layer consists of many pores with sizes less than 1 μm. The absorption bands in the IR spectra of the cellulose acetate and the surface of the composite microporous cellulose acetate (MCA) membrane are identical. The retention capacity of the composite MCA membranes is found by separation of iron ions from an iron(III) chloride solution and ranges from 47.5 to 97.4% depending on the number of cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface for the specific performance ranging from 27.9 to 7399 dm³/(m² h) and pressure 0.35 MPa. A high selectivity of a microporous membrane with three cellulose acetate layers (MCA-3) for heavy metal ions contained in tap water is found: Cr³⁺ (96%) > Cu²⁺ (92%) > Fe³⁺ (90%) > Mn²⁺ (45%).

The Arctic Zone of Russia (AZR), due to its significant potential, for the implementation of which infrastructure projects and strategic plans are envisaged, is of great importance for the country. Particular attention is paid to the transport and related infrastructure development. The implementation of such projects requires the creation and implementation of modern integrated solutions based on new technical and technological solutions. The development of new territories is accompanied by problems such as urbanization and the disruption of ecosystems, which will have a particularly negative impact on the Arctic zone. The situation is complicated by the fact that the work must be carried out in difficult conditions, which are associated with a large number of risks, including environmental ones. Currently, many types of businesses are characterized by a transition to the implementation of the concepts of green and blue economy, as well as ESG principles when building strategic development plans that include risk reduction. Achieving this goal is possible through an environmental risk management system. To create a suchlike system, it is necessary to identify the most significant risk characteristics of each type of activity, taking into account their negative impact on the environment, after which it will be possible to plan measures to either prevent risks or minimize their consequences. Taking into account the above, we plan to develop the concept of an environmental risk management system (ERMS) as part of the region’s development strategy implementation. To reach this purpose, identifying the main groups of environmental risks depending on the danger source based on the scientific article review results, systematizing concepts aimed at improving the environmental situation under different types of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, developing an algorithm for implementing an environmental risk management system depending on the risk type, and proposing a concept for building an environmental risk management system are needed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the main directions of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment are systematized, and possible ways to reduce environmental risks are outlined. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that when implementing such a system, it will be possible to manage not only risks of a certain category, but also monitor the situation as a whole, identifying the consequences for related areas.

Nylon cellulose acetate (NCA) composite membranes have been obtained by immersing a nylon mesh substrate in a 5% solution of cellulose acetate (CA) in acetone. The CA content in the membrane ranges from 21 to 45 wt %, depending on the number of surface layers applied. According to the results of investigating the properties of composite membranes, an increase in water absorption and total porosity of membranes is found after the application of the first layer of CA, and with the application of the next layer of CA, the water absorption and total porosity decrease slightly, which is connected with the compaction of the membrane structure. Also, a decrease in the wetting contact angle of the membrane by 33° has been revealed, which means a rise in the hydrophilic properties of the membrane and increase in wettability and productivity of the membranes obtained. Composite membranes with two and three layers of CA (NCA2 and NCA3) are used to separate 0.5% oil-in-water emulsion with particle sizes from 81 to 422 nm. The specific productivity of the NCA2 membrane by 0.5% oil-in-water emulsion is 9433 dm³/(m² h), and the productivity of the NCA3 membrane is 3799 dm³/(m² h) at a pressure of 0.55 MPa, which exceeds the performance of the commercial ultrafiltration membrane UPM-100 equal to 1843 dm³/(m² h). According to the results of the study, the retention capacity of composite membranes for oil products from an oil-in-water emulsion has been established, which is 61% for NCA2 membranes and 75% for NCA3 membrane. These indicators are not inferior to the retention capacity of a commercial ultrafiltration membrane of the UPM-100 trademark.