Zinc–nickel alloy coating (ZnNi) was successfully deposited on carbon steel (CS) applying current density of 47 mAcm-2 with galvanostatic technique. The ZnNi alloy coating image showed that CS metal surface was plated with a blue-grey homogeneous layer. Polyaniline film (PANI) film was synthesized with cyclic voltammetry technique from 0.10 M aniline containing 0.20 M sodium oxalate solution on ZnNi coated carbon steel (CS/ZnNi) electrode surface. And then the synthesis of top PPy film was achieved in pyrrole monomer containing acetonitrile + tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate medium successfully. After the top PPy synthesis, it was observed that both the PANi homopolymer film and the ZnNi coating continued to exist on the CS surface. The corrosion behaviors of uncoated and coated electrodes were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. For this aim, the anodic polarization plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique were used. The results showed that the top PPy homopolymer film provided an effective barrier property on CS/ZnNi/PANi electrode and a remarkable anodic protection to substrate for longer exposure time.

This study focuses on Capra aegagrus aegagrus, a subspecies of wild goat listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Hunting of males aged 8 years and older is allowed due to their low reproductive capacity. This study aimed to analyze essential and potentially toxic elements in meat of male C. aegagrus aegagrus from a high altitude protected area in Mersin using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Thigh muscle samples from 18 males aged 10 years and older were analyzed. Phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were the most abundant macro elements in the samples, while sodium and magnesium were the lowest. Iron was the most abundant microelement, followed in decreasing order by zinc, copper, manganese, boron, selenium, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, and nickel. Among the potentially toxic metals, lead had the highest concentration. Arsenic, antimony, strontium, cadmium, aluminum, and barium were found in lower concentrations. Tin was not detected in the samples. High levels of potassium, phosphorous, and iron suggest nutritional benefits but potentially toxic elements must be monitored to ensure safety.

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) oil has been traditionally used to manage infectious diseases. The scientific validation of its antibacterial potential remains of significant pharmacological interest. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of cold-pressed black cumin oil against selected bacterial strains and compared its efficacy with that of common β-lactam antibiotics, supplemented by mechanistic insight through molecular docking. Pure oil was obtained via cold-press extraction from seeds. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC10788, Bacillus cereus NCTC7464, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC11994, Escherichia coli NCTC2001, and Salmonella typhimurium NCTC11994. Commercial antibiotic disks containing cloxacillin (5 µg), cefoperazone (75 µg), penicillin (40 µg), and amoxicillin (25 µg) served as a reference. Potential molecular interactions were explored by the density functional theory (DFT) optimization of thymoquinone at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, followed by molecular docking against bacterial targets. Inhibition zone diameters ranged from 13.5 ± 0.7 mm to 34 ± 2.1 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varied between 6.7 ± 2.3 and 64 ± 0.0 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain tested. Black cumin oil demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on B. cereus and L. monocytogenes than the other bacteria tested, and exhibited a significantly higher inhibitory effect than some of the antibiotics tested (p < 0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed among treatments against E. coli (p > 0.05). Overall, Gram-positive bacteria showed greater susceptibility to black cumin oil than Gram-negative bacteria. The computational analyses demonstrated stable binding interactions supporting the experimental results. These integrative in vitro and in silico findings provide mechanistic evidence for the traditional use of black cumin oil in treating infections. The results suggest that black cumin oil could be a promising natural antibacterial candidate; however, further toxicological and pharmacokinetic evaluations are required prior to clinical use.

The present study investigates the physicochemical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of essential oils obtained from the flower (LF-EO) and stem-leaf (LSL-EO) fractions of Lavandula angustifolia cultivated under the semi-arid continental conditions of Çankırı, Türkiye. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Neo-Clevenger apparatus and characterized in accordance with ISO 3515:2002 and related standards. The physicochemical parameters of LF-EO, including density (0.8937 g mL⁻¹), refractive index (1.4566), optical rotation (-9.50°), and ester value (55.04 mg KOH g⁻¹), were consistent with the ISO specifications for high-quality lavender oil. GC-MS analysis identified 98.11 % (LF-EO) and 98.42 % (LSL-EO) of total volatile constituents, revealing β-linalool (44.77 % and 34.55 %) and linalyl acetate (12.94 % and 6.60 %) as the major compounds, alongside camphor, borneol, and 1,8-cineole. The compositional profile of LF-EO corresponded to the French Maillette chemotype defined by ISO 3515:2002.Both oils exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. LF-EO demonstrated strong inhibition against Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes (30 mm), while LSL-EO showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli (20 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (17 mm). The enhanced antimicrobial performance of LF-EO was attributed to its high content of oxygenated monoterpenes and esters, which contribute to membrane permeability and destabilization effects.Overall, the results confirm that Lavabdula angustifolia cultivated in Çankırı produces a French-type lavender oil of superior physicochemical and biological quality, suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and aromatherapeutic applications