This study investigates the mechanical behaviour of laminated composite structures under static loading. Three types of composites were analyzed: a glass fiber-reinforced composite, a jute fiber-reinforced composite, and a hybrid composite combining both fibers. The specimens, fabricated following a specific stacking sequence [0/45/90/−45/0], were evaluated in terms of strain to failure, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength. A finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to model their tensile behavior without considering damage. The results indicate that the hybrid composite exhibits superior performance due to the synergistic interaction between the fibers. It shows a 4.65% increase in strain capacity compared to the glass fiber composite and a tensile strength 56.6% higher than that of the jute fiber composite. Failure mode analysis revealed matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination. Hardness tests were conducted to assess the composites’ resistance to wear. An optimization approach using a genetic algorithm identified the optimal stacking sequences to enhance composite stiffness. The findings highlight the potential of hybrid composites in balancing mechanical performance and sustainability, paving the way for new industrial applications.

This study is an experimental study on flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beam where three types of epoxy-bonded jacketing systems are used (glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC, S1), jute fiber-reinforced composite (JFRC, S2), and hybrid fiber-reinforced composite (HFRC, S3)) and an unjacketed control beam (S0). All the specimens were subjected to displacement-controlled three-point bending to measure the enhancement of strength, stiffness, and energy absorption using mass-normalized (TPM) and synthetic-content-normalized (TSM) performance indices. Jacketing compared to control also raised the maximum load from 11.80 N to 17.10 N for GFRC (+44.9%), to 14.64 N for JFRC (+24.1%), and to 14.89 N of HFRC (+26.2%). The energy taken up rose from 38.44 J (S0), 152.50 J (S1, +297%), 95.32 J (S2, +148%), and 132.79 J (S3, +245%). Flexural strength was also increased to 56.26 MPa (S1), 43.54 MPa (S2), and 51.38 MPa (S3) and yield strength was raised from 10.43 MPa (S0) to 26.40 MPa (S1), 16.84 Mpa (S2), and 23.05 Mpa (S3). The increase of flexural modulus between S0 (4871.33 MPa) and S1 (12,322.34 MPa), S2 (7862.61 MPa), and S3 (10,759.57 MPa) showed the enhancement of the stiffness. Mass-normalized performance showed great overall efficiency in the case of GFRC and HFRC, with TPM = 3.70 and 3.60 J/kg, respectively, and synthetic-content efficiency was higher in the case of JFRC, with TSM = 9.66 J/kg, which is the advantage of low-synthetic reinforcement in energy-based performance. In general, the suggested jacketing systems have a great influence on flexural responsiveness and power absorption, whereby GFRC and JFRC offer maximum capacity and stiffness, respectively, and the greatest efficiency per unit synthetic material, respectively. In terms of novelty, the paper is one of the first to measure the sustainability-based performance of an epoxy-bonded GFRC, HFRC, and bio-based JFRC jacketing, comparing the results in terms of synthetic-content efficiency (TSM) and mass-normalized indices, which reflect the energy absorption benefits per unit of synthetic material.