Background: Mesenteric cystic lymphatic malformations (MCLMs) are rare benign lymphatic malformations predominantly diagnosed in children. Adult cases are exceptional and typically discovered incidentally during imaging or surgery for unrelated conditions. Their intraoperative identification, particularly in emergency settings, poses diagnostic and surgical challenges due to anatomical complexity and potential vascular involvement. Methods: A literature review was performed in PubMed and Scopus to contextualize this case, focusing on intraoperative management strategies, recurrence risk, and surgical decision-making in mesenteric lymphatic malformations. Case reports, case series, and reviews in English with relevant clinical and surgical data were included, while duplicates, non-English publications, abstracts without full text, and studies lacking essential information were excluded. Case Presentation: We report a 45-year-old male who presented with acute right lower quadrant pain, clinically and radiologically consistent with acute appendicitis. Contrast-enhanced CT incidentally identified a mesenteric cystic lesion near the terminal ileum. Intraoperative findings confirmed phlegmonous appendicitis coexisting with a large MCLM, requiring segmental enterectomy and appendectomy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of MCLMs. Conclusions: This case highlights the rare coexistence of acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphatic malformations in an adult, illustrating the surgical challenges of unexpected lymphatic lesions in emergency settings. Emphasizing real-time intraoperative decision-making, we propose an anatomy-driven algorithm that balances complete excision with safer, conservative options based on lesion features, surgical risk, and multidisciplinary input.

Background: Serous papillary adenofibroma cyst (SPAC) of the ovary is a rare benign epithelial tumor that can mimic borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasms. Reports in young women are particularly scarce. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present a rare clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a young woman and to review the existing literature, highlighting diagnostic challenges and implications for fertility-preserving management. Methods: We present a clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a 41-year-old woman and conducted a narrative literature review. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify reports published between 2000 and 2025. Additional relevant articles were also identified through manual screening of reference lists from selected papers. Results: MRI revealed a well-encapsulated septated cystic lesion with solid nodular components and post-contrast enhancement. Tumor markers, including CA 19-9, were elevated. Laparoscopic surgery with intraoperative frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of SPAC, allowing fertility-preserving management. Histopathology established the final diagnosis. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of considering SPAC in the differential diagnosis of complex adnexal masses. Early recognition and intraoperative frozen section can guide conservative surgical strategies, avoiding overtreatment and preserving reproductive potential in young patients.

(1) Background: Tumors of the small bowel represent 3–6% of gastrointestinal neoplasms and 3–6% of GI malignancies. The difficulties regarding the diagnosis are associated with larger tumors at the moment of the diagnosis and with advanced forms of malignant tumors, associated with a dismal prognosis. (2) Methods: We performed an observational, retrospective, cohort study that included patients with small bowel tumors admitted to the Craiova County Emergency Clinic Hospital between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2023. The data were collected from the analysis of the patient’s discharge documents from the Hippocrates computer system of the hospital and the evaluation of endoscopy databases. Patients under 16 years of age, those with no pathological confirmation of the malignancy, and those with insufficient data were excluded. (3) Results: A total of 80 cases of small bowel tumors were diagnosed; 72.5% were malignant, of which 10.3% were metastases. The most frequent primary malignant small bowel tumor was adenocarcinoma; two squamous cell carcinomas were noted. CT scans and upper digestive endoscopy represent the most frequent imaging methods for the diagnosis. The prognosis for malignant tumors was poor, with a 41% 5-year survival rate. (4) Conclusions: Small bowel tumors are rarely encountered, with 72.5% being malignant, and were diagnosed at large dimensions and in advanced stages for malignant tumors, with a dismal prognosis.

Background: Multiple high-powered magnet ingestion is a surgical emergency due to inter-loop attraction leading to ischemia, necrosis, perforation, and fistula formation. While well documented in children, adult cases—particularly those complicated by entero-enteric fistula—remain rare, and management is largely extrapolated from pediatric guidelines. Objective: To present a rare case of adult entero-enteric fistula following multiple neodymium magnet ingestion, we review the literature and propose an adapted management algorithm for adults. Methods: A narrative PubMed review was performed to identify pediatric and adult cases of magnet ingestion complicated by gastrointestinal fistula. Search terms included magnet ingestion, entero-enteric fistula, neodymium, and adult. Reported case characteristics, diagnostic modalities, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: A 38-year-old male with schizophrenia presented with small bowel obstruction five days after ingesting multiple magnets. Abdominal radiography revealed clustered radiopaque bodies in the distal ileum. Emergency laparotomy identified an entero-enteric fistula caused by pressure necrosis from inter-loop magnetic attraction. Segmental enterectomy with side-to-side anastomosis was performed, with uneventful recovery. The literature review identified only a few adult cases, which showed similar pathophysiology but frequent diagnostic delays and higher complication rates compared with pediatric cases. Conclusions: This case adds to the scarce adult literature on magnet-induced entero-enteric fistula and supports the adaptation of pediatric-based protocols for adults, with attention paid to psychiatric comorbidity and delayed presentation. Early imaging, timely intervention, and multidisciplinary care are essential to prevent severe gastrointestinal injury.

Background: One of the main tools for investigating pulmonary disorders is computed tomography. Starting with a CT, analyses can be qualitative (e.g., direct interpretation of 2D slices, virtual bronchoscopy) or quantitative (e.g., fibrosis score). Qualitative analyses can be performed without segmentation, but quantitative analyses require lung segmentation. Methods: We present the concepts for a class of lung segmentation methods that use region-growing algorithms, the implementation and testing details, and the results obtained in our software platform. Accurate segmentation of lung regions from medical images is a crucial step in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and lung cancer. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and subjective, while fully automated methods may fail under challenging imaging conditions. Results: This article presents a semi-automated lung segmentation approach, based on region-growing methods, that balances automation with user control. Conclusions: The proposed technique effectively delineates lung boundaries in computed tomography (CT), minimizing computational complexity and manual effort.

Background: Spermatocytic tumor (ST) is a rare non-GCNIS-derived testicular germ cell neoplasm that predominantly affects older men and generally follows an indolent course. Its occurrence in a cryptorchid testis is exceptionally uncommon. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including studies published up to August 2026. The search used combinations of the terms “spermatocytic tumor”, “spermatocytic seminoma”, “cryptorchidism”, “undescended testis”, “immunohistochemistry”, “molecular features”, “magnetic resonance imaging”, and “treatment”. Results: A 56-year-old man presented with a painless left inguinal mass corresponding to a cryptorchid testis. Serum tumor markers were normal. MRI demonstrated a well-circumscribed heterogeneous lesion with pseudocystic areas and enhancement of the solid component. Radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the characteristic triphasic cellular population without GCNIS, lymphovascular invasion, or sarcomatous transformation. Immunohistochemistry showed SALL4 and CD117 positivity and absence of OCT3/4 and D2-40 expression, supporting the diagnosis of ST and its distinction from classical seminoma. No recurrence or metastatic disease was detected during 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: ST arising in a cryptorchid testis represents an exceptionally uncommon presentation. Integration of clinical, radiological, morphological, and immunohistochemical findings is essential for accurate diagnosis and distinction from classical seminoma, thereby avoiding unnecessary additional treatment.