Polymer composites have opened a novel innovation phase in additive manufacturing (AM), and now lightweight, high-strength, and geometrical advanced components with tailored functionalities can be produced. The present study introduces advances in polymer composite materials and their integration into AM processes, particularly in rapidly growing industries such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and electronics. The embedding of cutting-edge reinforcement materials, such as nanoparticles, carbon fibers, and natural fibers, into polymer matrices enhances mechanical, thermal, electrical, and multifunctional properties. These material developments are combined with advanced fabrication techniques, including multi-material printing, in situ curing, and functionally graded manufacturing, which achieves accurate regulation of microstructures and properties. Furthermore, high-impact innovations such as smart polymer composites with self-healing or stimuli-responsive behaviors, the growing shift toward sustainable, bio-based composite alternatives, are driving progress. Despite significant advances, challenges remain in interfacial bonding, printability, process repeatability, and long-term durability. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current advancements and outlines future directions in polymer composite–based AM.

As the resources are declining globally, researchers are constantly looking for the development of new materials. The composite materials using natural fibers are one of the best solutions nowadays in this regard. In third-world countries, jute is produced abundantly. Moreover, banana is widely available due to their reproduction ability from an existing plant. This study involves the use of jute-glass fiber laminas and banana-glass fiber laminas with epoxy resin, individually, to produce hybrid laminated composites. Different Stacking orientations such as [0°/G/G/0°], [0°/G/G/30°], and [30°/G/G/30°] have been utilized for both jute and banana fibers to find the best hybrid laminated composite. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, and heat reversion properties along with some physical properties like density, specific gravity, and water absorption of these hybrid laminated composites have been tested according to the ASTM standards. The fracture surface has been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microscopic visualization. It has been found from the experimental results that the jute-glass fiber composite shows better mechanical and physical properties, and among all the stacking orientations, [0°/G/G/0°] orientation provides higher tensile strength, flexural strength, and physical properties, whereas [0°/G/G/30°] orientation shows the better impact and hardness properties.

The rise in environmental awareness prompted consideration of environment friendly materials. Natural fiber, on the contrary, has a structure that allows it to absorb moisture attributable to its hydrophilicity, which hinders its wide application and leads to poor interfacial bonding with the polymer matrix. Therefore, fiber surface modification is inevitable, which is usually based on using the functional group of some chemicals to replace the hydrophilic hydroxyl group to make it more moisture resistant and ameliorate the boding between fiber and polymer matrix. In this study, injection molded nypa fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated. Three different chemical modification i.e., mercerization, H₂O₂ treatment, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer, were employed. Other parameters on which the properties of the composite depend, i.e., fiber volume (30%), manufacturing process, etc. were kept the same. Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) images were also investigated to verify the result of experiments. Moisture resistance of the composite was also evaluated. The tensile and flexural properties of treated composite were significantly enhanced than the untreated one. The maximum strength was obtained for MAPP treated composite. The chemical treatment has a less impact on the impact strength of the composite. Better moisture resistance was observed for treated fiber composites. This study provides the insight of using chemical treatment for better adhesion between the fiber and the polymer.

Thermal sensation is a fundamental variable used to determine thermal comfort and is most frequently evaluated through the use of subjective reports in the field of environmental physiology. However, there has been little study of the relationship between the semantics of the words used to describe thermal sensation and the climatic background. The present study investigates the linguistic differences in thermal reports from native speakers of Bangla and Japanese. A total of 1141 university students (932 in Bangladesh and 209 in Japan) responded to a questionnaire survey consisting of 20 questions. Group differences between Bangladeshi and Japanese respondents were then tested with a chi-square test in a crosstab analysis using SPSS (version 21). For the Bangla-speaking respondents, the closest feeling of thermal comfort was “neutral” (66.6%) followed by “slightly cool” (10.2%), “slightly cold” (6.0%), “slightly hot” (4.1%), and “cold” (3.8%). For the Japanese respondents, the closest feeling of thermal comfort was “cool” (38.3%) followed by “slightly cool” (20.4%), “neutral” (14.6%), “slightly warm” (13.1%), and “warm” (10.7%). Of the Bangladeshi respondents, 37.7% reported that they were sensitive to cold weather and 18.1% reported that they were sensitive to hot weather. Of the Japanese respondents, 20.6% reported that they were sensitive to cold weather and 29.2% reported that they were sensitive to hot weather. Of the Bangladeshi respondents, 51.4% chose “higher than 29 °C” as hot weather and 38.7% of the Japanese respondents chose “higher than 32 °C” as hot weather. In the case of cold weather, 43.1% of the Bangladeshi respondents selected “lower than 15 °C” as cold weather and 53.4% of the Japanese respondents selected “lower than 10 °C” as cold weather. Most of the Bangla-speaking respondents chose “neutral” as the most comfortable temperature, and most of the Japanese respondents chose “cool.” Most of the Bangladeshi respondents reported that they were sensitive to “cold temperatures,” but most of the Japanese respondents reported that they were sensitive to “hot temperatures.”

The main concern of this work is to investigate the influence of number and orientation of ply on tensile properties of hybrid composites. Hybrid composites are those materials which consist of two or more distinct fibers embedded in the same matrix. For this analysis, the elastic behavior of individual fiber-reinforced composite lamina is required. The properties of a single lamina of composites can be determined by the micromechanical homogenization. From this analysis, it is seen that elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus are the functions of the volume fraction of the fiber and matrix. These properties can be further used for analysis of hybrid composite laminate. In this work different hybrid composites material with a different number of plies and orientations are used to simulate with finite element software. At first, a 3D model of three-ply is used for the simulation. The other model with four, five and six-ply has been used. The influence of number and orientation of ply on tensile properties of hybrid composites is the main goal of the work. The comparison of stiffness between different ply models has established that the number ply influences the strength of hybrid composites. From this work, it is seen that as number ply increases the tensile strength also increases. For the investigation of the influence of the ply orientation, different orientations of ply are used. From different simulation results, it is seen that ply orientation with 0 0 is the best for the tensile strength.