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Lowering energy consumption is one of the most important challenges of the modern world. Since the construction sector accounts for 40% of total energy consumption worldwide, the Parliament of the European Union has developed a Directive, according to which all newly designed and thermally upgraded buildings should meet the requirements of almost zero energy demand (nZEBs) from 1 January 2021. At the same time, in Poland, but also in many other countries in the world, there is a growing oversupply of office space in large cities with a simultaneous increase in demand for apartments, which is caused, among other things, by the increase in the share of remote work and the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, this is forcing owners to change the use of buildings from office to residential. This article analyses the possibilities of changing the function of an office building to a multi-family residential building. For both functional solutions, a comparative energy analysis was carried out, taking into account different work schedules and the requirements for new buildings with zero energy demand. The analyses have shown that changing the form of use of an office building to a multi-family building without significant financial and technical costs is possible. On the other hand, the reverse change of the form of use is much more difficult and, in many cases, practically impossible. Due to the fact that many offices are now multinational corporations, this issue is global.
Przemysław Markiewicz-Zahorski; Joanna Rucińska; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Michał Zielina. Building Energy Performance Analysis after Changing Its Form of Use from an Office to a Residential Building. Energies 2021, 14, 564 .
AMA StylePrzemysław Markiewicz-Zahorski, Joanna Rucińska, Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Michał Zielina. Building Energy Performance Analysis after Changing Its Form of Use from an Office to a Residential Building. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):564.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemysław Markiewicz-Zahorski; Joanna Rucińska; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Michał Zielina. 2021. "Building Energy Performance Analysis after Changing Its Form of Use from an Office to a Residential Building." Energies 14, no. 3: 564.
For some time, a trend has been noticeable in the construction sector to reduce energy consumption. It is manifested by the tightening regulations of thermal protection of buildings, an increasing number of low-energy and even passive buildings, new technologies available on the construction market, or the new name of the "nearly zero energy" (NZEB) building standard. It is true that the definition of NZEB buildings appeared already ten years ago in the Energy Performance Directive No. 2010/31 / EU, but despite the fact that to some extent this type of buildings should already be the standard of construction, very few people know what is meant by NZEB and how it differs from the passive standard. The nZEB standard for newly designed buildings applies from January 1, 2021, to all European countries. Parameters for nZEB buildings are determined individually by each European country. In Poland, the requirements specifying the standard for nearly zero-energy buildings are included in the Technical and Construction Conditions. These requirements are very difficult to meet. The requirements apply to the thermal insulation of the external casing of buildings. This can be achieved by using appropriate materials and construction technologies, as well as by minimizing thermal bridges. The second requirement for nZEB buildings in Polish regulations concerns the Primary Energy indicator. This requirement can only be achieved through the use of appropriate energy sources, a very large extent Renewable Energy Sources. The article presents the possibilities of achieving the standard of newly designed buildings with "almost zero energy consumption" thanks to the use of appropriate materials, technologies, installations as well as heat and cold sources. The article also describes the standard of passive buildings, as well as the standard of passive buildings, which has been compared with the Polish standard of buildings "nearly zero energy building" (NZEB).
Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Marcin Furtak; Maciej Surówka. Possibilities of achieving the nZEB building standard (nearly zero energy building) and the passive building standard for newly designed buildings in Poland. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 960, 032095 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Marcin Furtak, Maciej Surówka. Possibilities of achieving the nZEB building standard (nearly zero energy building) and the passive building standard for newly designed buildings in Poland. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 960 (3):032095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Marcin Furtak; Maciej Surówka. 2020. "Possibilities of achieving the nZEB building standard (nearly zero energy building) and the passive building standard for newly designed buildings in Poland." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960, no. 3: 032095.
Achieving a satisfactory level for indoor environments of historical buildings is an ongoing problem that needs to be solved due to a large demand for deep retrofits in the whole of Europe. The implementation of the indoor environmental quality index (IEQ) to predict an occupant’s satisfaction in thermo-modernized historical buildings is a new concept which is a response to existing needs. In this article, a relevant study is provided with the intention to evaluate the indoor environmental performance of retrofitting effects in historical buildings dating back to the years 1873–1878. Considering the historical character of the buildings, some of the cellar spaces were fitted out with an innovative internal insulation system of mineral sheets based on calcium silicate to prevent water vapor condensation and effectively limit mold growth. The IEQ methodology was applied for retrofitted and non-retrofitted spaces as a comparison. Four essential components of indoor quality are investigated: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, and visual quality. The results of sub-component indexes are calculated based on the measured indoor parameters and the specific sensory functions. This paper discusses the results of an indoor environmental analysis including a mycological air quality assessment with the newly developed IAQindex (fungal air contamination index), total volatile organic compound concentration (TVOC), CO2, and formaldehyde (HCHO) assessment, the evaluation energy-related thermal comfort, acoustic, and visual quality, of modernized spaces. A questionnaire survey study was additionally carried out among a building’s users intentioned to compare the accounts of satisfaction before and after the retrofitting process and also to compare “subjective” results with the one’s based on in situ tests. The retrofitting approach was proven to be effective in limiting the presence of molds and a significant difference in indoor environmental quality between thermally insulated and uninsulated spaces was observed and discussed.
Michał Piasecki; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Piotr Czerski; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Michał Zielina; Paweł Krzyściak; Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip; Wojciech Grześkowiak. Implementation of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Model for the Assessment of a Retrofitted Historical Masonry Building. Energies 2020, 13, 6051 .
AMA StyleMichał Piasecki, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Piotr Czerski, Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Michał Zielina, Paweł Krzyściak, Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip, Wojciech Grześkowiak. Implementation of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Model for the Assessment of a Retrofitted Historical Masonry Building. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6051.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Piasecki; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Piotr Czerski; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Michał Zielina; Paweł Krzyściak; Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip; Wojciech Grześkowiak. 2020. "Implementation of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Model for the Assessment of a Retrofitted Historical Masonry Building." Energies 13, no. 22: 6051.
This paper presents a proposal for a historic building thermal diagnostics algorithm for the example of a historical townhouse located in Lviv, Ukraine. The authors proposed a testing and diagnostics procedure that should precede design and renovation work associated with improving the energy standard of the buildings under discussion. The procedure was presented using a case study of a selected historical building. The scope of the study included an assessment of the building’s technical condition, thermal vision diagnostics, wall moisture, and water absorption in the context of protection against rain. Sample thermal and hygrothermal calculations were performed for a sample architecture element. The calculations included simulations of partition envelope behaviour after planned thermal retrofitting had been carried out. Performing the presented thermal diagnostics methods in three interlinked blocks (A, B, and C) shall ensure the proper thermal retrofitting of historical buildings in the context of their further occupancy.
Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Tomasz Steidl; Andrzej Białkiewicz; Maria Żychowska; Andriy Muzychak. Historic Building Thermal Diagnostics Algorithm Presented for the Example of a Townhouse in Lviv. Energies 2020, 13, 5374 .
AMA StyleBożena Orlik-Kożdoń, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Tomasz Steidl, Andrzej Białkiewicz, Maria Żychowska, Andriy Muzychak. Historic Building Thermal Diagnostics Algorithm Presented for the Example of a Townhouse in Lviv. Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBożena Orlik-Kożdoń; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Tomasz Steidl; Andrzej Białkiewicz; Maria Żychowska; Andriy Muzychak. 2020. "Historic Building Thermal Diagnostics Algorithm Presented for the Example of a Townhouse in Lviv." Energies 13, no. 20: 5374.
The paper discusses thermal quality improvement in historic buildings. It is based on a case study of a wooden historical building in an architectural style typical of Zakopane, located in the Podhale region of Poland. The building’s historical value and timber structure prevent the application of typical thermal retrofitting solutions. This paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of the improvement of energy performance of a historic building (villa) which included: a review of the available energy performance improvement solutions applicable to this type of building, with a particular focus on applying internal insulation; a technical condition assessment using non-invasive methods, the identification of problematic areas in terms of the thermal retrofitting of buildings with timber walls and decks; in situ tests: thermovision tests which showed the places with temperature distribution field disturbances in the building’s envelope, focusing on thermal bridges; measurements of actual thermal transmittance coefficients for extant partitions; measurements of the building’s airtightness and the microclimate in selected rooms; numerical analysis: an assessment of the influence of the thermal bridges on the building’s existing condition, an analysis of water content changes in wall systems post-insulation. The presented approach enables the improvement of the energy performance of timber historical buildings while preserving the historical value of its architecture. It is innovative because it tries to fill in a research gap concerning a lack of relevant guidelines in Poland. The research questions that the authors asked were as follows. Is it possible to improve the thermal insulation of a building’s wooden walls without adversely affecting the building’s technical condition? With regard to the necessity to meet nZEB (nearly zero energy building) standards, is it feasible to improve the timber walls of historical buildings? The study found that under the correct assumptions and while maintaining a responsible approach to design, it is possible to improve the energy performance of historical buildings without interfering with historical heritage.
Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń; Tomasz Steidl; Tadeusz Tatara. Analysis of the Thermal Retrofitting Potential of the External Walls of Podhale’s Historical Timber Buildings in the Aspect of the Non-Deterioration of Their Technical Condition. Energies 2020, 13, 4610 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń, Tomasz Steidl, Tadeusz Tatara. Analysis of the Thermal Retrofitting Potential of the External Walls of Podhale’s Historical Timber Buildings in the Aspect of the Non-Deterioration of Their Technical Condition. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń; Tomasz Steidl; Tadeusz Tatara. 2020. "Analysis of the Thermal Retrofitting Potential of the External Walls of Podhale’s Historical Timber Buildings in the Aspect of the Non-Deterioration of Their Technical Condition." Energies 13, no. 18: 4610.
Adapting historic buildings to new, modern forms generates not only financial benefits for developers but can also allow them to survive for future generations through proper remodelling. The variety of decision criteria related to the selection of a new function of a historic building makes this problem multidimensional. Many of these criteria are interrelated and have a non-linear nature which requires a comprehensive network-based rather than a classic hierarchical approach to conducting multi-criteria analysis. A comprehensive approach taking into account the specificity of the analysed problem was proposed. The study was supported by an example of the choice of building function as part of the adaptive reuse of a historic building located in Zakopane. The following variants have been analysed: a hostel (existing state), a five-star hotel, a folk art gallery and a conference and training centre. The final rating of alternatives indicates that the hotel best meets the adopted decision criteria.
Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Filip Pachla; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bartłomiej Szewczyk; Grzegorz Śladowski; Tadeusz Tatara. Fuzzy Model for Selecting a Form of Use Alternative for a Historic Building to Be Subjected to Adaptive Reuse. Energies 2020, 13, 2809 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara, Filip Pachla, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Bartłomiej Szewczyk, Grzegorz Śladowski, Tadeusz Tatara. Fuzzy Model for Selecting a Form of Use Alternative for a Historic Building to Be Subjected to Adaptive Reuse. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Filip Pachla; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bartłomiej Szewczyk; Grzegorz Śladowski; Tadeusz Tatara. 2020. "Fuzzy Model for Selecting a Form of Use Alternative for a Historic Building to Be Subjected to Adaptive Reuse." Energies 13, no. 11: 2809.
The Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings has introduced the standard of “nearly zero-energy buildings” (NZEBs). European requirements place the obligation to reduce energy consumption on all European Union Member States, particularly in sectors with significant energy consumption indicators. Construction is one such sector, as it is responsible for around 40% of overall energy consumption. Apart from a building’s mass and its material and installation solutions, its energy consumption is also affected by its placement relative to other buildings. A proper urban layout can also lead to a reduction in project development and occupancy costs. The goal of this article is to present a method of optimising single-family house complexes that takes elements such as direct construction costs, construction site organisation, urban layout and occupancy costs into consideration in the context of sustainability. Its authors have analysed different proposals of the placement of 40 NZEBs relative to each other and have carried out a multi-criteria analysis of the complex, determining optimal solutions that are compliant with the precepts of sustainability. The results indicated that the layout composed of semi-detached houses scored the highest among the proposed layouts under the parameter weights set by the developer. This layout also scored the highest when parameter weights were uniformly distributed during a test simulation.
Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Anna Kotowicz; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bartłomiej Sroka; Tadeusz Tatara; Krzysztof Barnaś. Multi-Criteria Optimisation of an Experimental Complex of Single-Family Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Energies 2020, 13, 1541 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Anna Kotowicz, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Bartłomiej Sroka, Tadeusz Tatara, Krzysztof Barnaś. Multi-Criteria Optimisation of an Experimental Complex of Single-Family Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Anna Kotowicz; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Bartłomiej Sroka; Tadeusz Tatara; Krzysztof Barnaś. 2020. "Multi-Criteria Optimisation of an Experimental Complex of Single-Family Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings." Energies 13, no. 7: 1541.
The authors studied the impact of indoor air humidity in the range of 60% to 90% on building user perception in the temperature range of 26 to 28 °C. The research thesis was put forward that the impact of humidity on indoor air quality dissatisfaction of building users in a warm and humid indoor environment is greater than that indicated in thermal comfort models. The presented experiment examined the indoor air quality perception of n = 28 subjects in the test chamber of a nearly zero energy building under ten environmental conditions, together with a thermal comfort assessment. The authors developed an experimental relation for predicting building users’ satisfaction based on the Weber–Fechner law, where the predicted percentage of dissatisfied users (PD) is determined by means of air enthalpy (h), PD = f(h). The obtained results confirmed the sated thesis. Additionally, the intersection points of the experimental function and isotherms resulting from the Fanger model are presented, where the thermal comfort assessment starts to indicate lower user dissatisfaction results than experimental values. The authors recommend the experimental equation for humid air enthalpies in the range of 50 to 90 kJ/kg. The indoor air quality assessment based on the enthalpy value is simple and can be used to determine the overall Indoor Environmental Quality index of a building (IEQindex).
Michał Piasecki; Krystyna Kostyrko; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Katarzyna Nowak. Air Enthalpy as an IAQ Indicator in Hot and Humid Environment—Experimental Evaluation. Energies 2020, 13, 1481 .
AMA StyleMichał Piasecki, Krystyna Kostyrko, Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Katarzyna Nowak. Air Enthalpy as an IAQ Indicator in Hot and Humid Environment—Experimental Evaluation. Energies. 2020; 13 (6):1481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Piasecki; Krystyna Kostyrko; Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Katarzyna Nowak. 2020. "Air Enthalpy as an IAQ Indicator in Hot and Humid Environment—Experimental Evaluation." Energies 13, no. 6: 1481.
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is among the most urgent social development tasks due to the scale of energy consumption in this industry. At the same time, it is essential to meet high requirements for indoor environmental quality and thermal comfort. The issue of overheating is most often analysed in summer but it also occurs in transition seasons, when the cooling systems do not operate. The paper attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of external mobile shading elements on the microclimate of rooms with large glazed areas in the transition season. Passive solutions, such as shading elements, which limit the increase of indoor temperature, do not always allow the acquisition and maintenance of comfortable solutions for the duration of the season, as demonstrated by the authors. Temporary cooling of the rooms may be necessary to maintain comfortable conditions for the users, or other solutions should be devised to improve comfort (e.g., reduction of clothing insulation characteristics). The novelty of the study consists in the analysis of comfort in a “nearly zero energy consumption” building (NZEB) during a period not analyzed by other scientists. This is a transition period during which heating/cooling systems do not operate. The research task set by the authors involved the assessment of the possibility to reduce office space overheating in the transition season (spring) by using external shading equipment in rooms with large glazed areas. An additional research task aimed at checking the extent to which user behaviour, such as reduction in clothing insulation characteristics, can improve comfort in overheated rooms. The results of the tests reveal that the difference in the ambient air temperature between a room with external venetian blinds and an identical room with no venetian blinds in the transition season, i.e., from 27 March to 6 April 2017, ranged from 12.3 to 2.1 °C. The use of a shading system (external venetian blinds positioned at an angle of 45°) reduced the number of discomfort hours by 92% (during working hours) compared to the room without external venetian blinds. A reduction in the thermal insulation of the clothes worn by people working in the room with no venetian blinds helped to reduce the number of discomfort hours by 31%.
Małgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Katarzyna Nowak; Marcin Furtak. Analysis of the Effect of Using External Venetian Blinds on the Thermal Comfort of Users of Highly Glazed Office Rooms in a Transition Season of Temperate Climate—Case Study. Energies 2019, 13, 81 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Katarzyna Nowak, Marcin Furtak. Analysis of the Effect of Using External Venetian Blinds on the Thermal Comfort of Users of Highly Glazed Office Rooms in a Transition Season of Temperate Climate—Case Study. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Katarzyna Nowak; Marcin Furtak. 2019. "Analysis of the Effect of Using External Venetian Blinds on the Thermal Comfort of Users of Highly Glazed Office Rooms in a Transition Season of Temperate Climate—Case Study." Energies 13, no. 1: 81.
Designing and constructing near zero energy buildings (NZEBs) is a challenge not only from a structural point of view, but also from the point of view of ensuring appropriate climate comfort for users. The standards describing how to ensure comfort were created in times when the challenges of building ZEB/NZEB were not yet explored and energy issues were not as important as they are today. Therefore, the assessment of the thermal and climatic comfort of people living and working in such buildings requires a new or revised approach to the methodology of thermal comfort assessment. In this article, the authors present the results of a thermal comfort study based on measurements and thermal sensory tests. Testing was carried out in an experimental office building (passive standard). The main goal of the experiment was to compare the thermal comfort measurement method based on the ISO-Fanger model with the actual comfort results obtained by the panellists in the model office condition. The tests allowed the lowest operating temperature providing thermal comfort (predicted mean vote (PMV) = 0 and −0.5) to be determined. Sensory tests were conducted using three types of questions. The results were compared to the other researchers’ findings. It was noted that the panellists showed better thermal comfort sensation at lower temperatures than would result from the traditional Fanger distribution, so the authors proposed the experimental function of percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) = f(PMV). The authors hope that it contributed to the actual state of knowledge as a “small and specific scale” validation of the existing thermal comfort model. The results also revealed that the method of heating has an influence on the subjective thermal sensation.
Michał Piasecki; Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Marcin Furtak; Jacek Biskupski. Experimental Confirmation of the Reliability of Fanger’s Thermal Comfort Model—Case Study of a Near-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) Office Building. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2461 .
AMA StyleMichał Piasecki, Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak, Marcin Furtak, Jacek Biskupski. Experimental Confirmation of the Reliability of Fanger’s Thermal Comfort Model—Case Study of a Near-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) Office Building. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Piasecki; Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Marcin Furtak; Jacek Biskupski. 2019. "Experimental Confirmation of the Reliability of Fanger’s Thermal Comfort Model—Case Study of a Near-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) Office Building." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2461.
Energy efficiency is a very important factor in the construction sector. Construction consumes about 40% of total energy consumption in the world. New buildings in Poland and other European countries are designed according to strict requirements. An important aspect is to ensure thermal protection of the external partitions. To meet the requirements of thermal protection, the heat transfer coefficient of the building barriers must be at the appropriate level, specified in the Technical Conditions. Calculation of heat transfer coefficients of external walls, however, do not assume dynamic influence of external and internal environment conditions. The dynamic influences of environments on both sides of the barrier affect the thermal resistance, and thus the energy consumption and heating costs. In the experimental building of the Malopolska Laboratory of Energy Efficient Building, located on the campus of the Cracow University of Technology, experiments are carried out to describe the phenomena occurring in the partitions. The building has over 3000 temperature sensors built into its construction. Many temperature sensors are placed in the external walls. At the same time, measurements of temperature, humidity and solar radiation are recorded. These data will allow the analysis of phenomena occurring in the external wall under various weather conditions. Temperature sensors were placed in the construction layer. Subsequent sensors are arranged between the insulation layers, which are arranged in four layers of 5 cm. The last sensors were located on two sides of the ventilated slot. The gap is similar to external conditions. The experiment is to provide an answer to the extent to which wind, sun or rain affect the deterioration or improvement of the thermal resistance of the external wall. The results from the measurements will be compared with the calculated temperatures in the partition. This experiment will allow assessing whether the methodology for calculating the thermal resistance and temperature drops in the partition is accurate. In the second part, the Authors will analyse the purposefulness of using modern thermal insulation materials such as aerogels in terms of cost.
Malgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Marcin Furtak; Grzegorz Hayduk; Pawel Kwasnowski. Energy Analysis And Cost Efficiency of External Partitions In Low Energy Buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 112095 .
AMA StyleMalgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK, Marcin Furtak, Grzegorz Hayduk, Pawel Kwasnowski. Energy Analysis And Cost Efficiency of External Partitions In Low Energy Buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (11):112095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalgorzata FEDORCZAK-CISAK; Marcin Furtak; Grzegorz Hayduk; Pawel Kwasnowski. 2019. "Energy Analysis And Cost Efficiency of External Partitions In Low Energy Buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 11: 112095.
In this article, the authors propose ways to evaluate the criteria for the considered variants of utility functions in the adaptation of historic regional architecture. The proposed set of assessment criteria (thermo-modernisation criteria, comfort of use, financial considerations, criteria of social benefits, and protection of cultural heritage) emphasises the multidimensional character of the problem of choosing a new function for a historic building. Some of the criteria are measurable while others are difficult to measure, which requires an expert approach to their assessment. The evaluation of the criteria was performed on the example of the historic building ‘Stara Polana’ located in Zakopane. The benchmark for the analysis was the existing condition of the ‘Stara Polana’ building, which is used as a hostel. The authors conducted a series of interdisciplinary studies specifying the potential of the new utility functions considered for the object in the context of the proposed criteria. The evaluation of individual criteria developed in this article is based on the multi-criteria analysis to be performed in the future and support the selection of a new function for the building in question.
Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Krzysztof Nering; Filip Pachla; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Grzegorz Śladowski; Tadeusz Tatara; Bartłomiej Ziarko. Evaluation of the Criteria for Selecting Proposed Variants of Utility Functions in the Adaptation of Historic Regional Architecture. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1094 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak, Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara, Krzysztof Nering, Filip Pachla, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Grzegorz Śladowski, Tadeusz Tatara, Bartłomiej Ziarko. Evaluation of the Criteria for Selecting Proposed Variants of Utility Functions in the Adaptation of Historic Regional Architecture. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1094.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Krzysztof Nering; Filip Pachla; Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina; Grzegorz Śladowski; Tadeusz Tatara; Bartłomiej Ziarko. 2019. "Evaluation of the Criteria for Selecting Proposed Variants of Utility Functions in the Adaptation of Historic Regional Architecture." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1094.
This article draws attention to the need of certifying Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEB). It concerns buildings with a very low energy demand that will have to meet certain standards after 2021. Certification process should include on-site tests confirming quality of buildings and comfort of their use. This research presents methods of building certification that are popular around the world. The authors' contribution to science lies in the presentation of a building certification method developed in Poland. It is the first certificate of energy-efficient buildings (MCBE Certificate) in Poland, developed together by the scientists at the Cracow University of Technology, experts from the National Energy Conservation Agency and experts of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The assumption of the certificate was derived from the case study based on the methodology for calculating energy performance of buildings. The requirements of the MCBE Certificate were determined based on energy analyses carried out for various types of buildings. The certificate is based on a multi-criteria approach to the assessment of energy-efficient buildings.
M FEDORCZAK-CISAK; M Furtak; E Radziszewska-Zielina. Certification of “Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings” as a Part of Sustainability. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 222, 012020 .
AMA StyleM FEDORCZAK-CISAK, M Furtak, E Radziszewska-Zielina. Certification of “Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings” as a Part of Sustainability. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 222 (1):012020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM FEDORCZAK-CISAK; M Furtak; E Radziszewska-Zielina. 2019. "Certification of “Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings” as a Part of Sustainability." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 222, no. 1: 012020.
Placing emphasis exclusively on minimizing energy consumption in low-energy buildings can adversely impact thermal comfort and vibrational comfort. Vibrational comfort is extremely important in building design, especially within mining or seismically active territories, and due to car transportation in city centers. In this article, a new approach to designing passive buildings and nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) in Poland is proposed, which has a strong emphasis on the necessity of providing comfort of use in passive houses and NZEBs. Additionally, vibration comfort provisions in the design process are examined. The research gap that will be addressed by the research presented in this article is to extend the comfort conditions of passive buildings and NZEBs into the area of vibratory comfort. The second goal of the project is to determine the impact of solar control systems on the conditions of thermal comfort. The conclusions from the research will allow for the optimization of design assumptions for passive houses and NZEBs. The conclusions from the tests can serve as the basis for introducing appropriate construction law requirements in Poland. The results of the research, which are presented in the article, indicate that the technical requirements that are applicable in Poland ought to include requirements regarding the use of sun blinds in NZEBs and passive buildings (not only as recommendations). In particular, the use of apertures on the south side ought to be mandated. The article can also be the basis for introducing the requirements of vibration comfort to the PN–EN 15251:2012 “Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics” standard, which is the basis for designing the parameters of the internal environment for buildings.
Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Marcin Furtak; Jolanta Gintowt; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Filip Pachla; Krzysztof Stypuła; Tadeusz Tatara. Thermal and Vibration Comfort Analysis of a Nearly Zero-Energy Building in Poland. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3774 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak, Marcin Furtak, Jolanta Gintowt, Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara, Filip Pachla, Krzysztof Stypuła, Tadeusz Tatara. Thermal and Vibration Comfort Analysis of a Nearly Zero-Energy Building in Poland. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak; Marcin Furtak; Jolanta Gintowt; Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara; Filip Pachla; Krzysztof Stypuła; Tadeusz Tatara. 2018. "Thermal and Vibration Comfort Analysis of a Nearly Zero-Energy Building in Poland." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3774.