This research involves the synthesis of a hybrid composite by adding titanium carbide (TiC) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) powders in certain weight ratios (2.5–5%) to pure aluminum (Al) powder. When previous studies were examined, it was seen that TiC and hBN powders were added separately to Al matrix powders; however, a hybrid composite was not produced as in this study. The obtained hybrid composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructure, hardness and wear tests were carried out under 3 different loads (10 N, 20 N and 30 N) and dry conditions. Weight loss and coefficient of friction measurements were obtained for each hybrid composite during the wear tests. The TiC–hBN-reinforced specimen exhibited a significantly higher hardness value of 37.08% compared to the pure Al composite. It was also found that the synthesized Al–TiC–hBN hybrid composite exhibited a 59% reduction in the wear loss value for 10 N load, 30% for 20 N load and 60% for 30 N load compared to the pure Al sample. It is believed that the hybrid composites produced in this study have the ability to compete with Al matrix materials and exhibit the potential for longer durability and cost reduction in industries that use the production of aluminum parts.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,smoker,non-smoker

Objective: Various studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of thrombosis in the venous system as well as in the arterial system. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the association between admission blood glucose levels and clinical severity, recurrence, and mortality in pulmonary embolism in patients with DM. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with DM who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital due to pulmonary [...] ABSTRACT Objective: Various studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of thrombosis in the venous system as well as in the arterial system. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the association between admission blood glucose levels and clinical severity, recurrence, and mortality in pulmonary embolism in patients with DM. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with DM who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital due to pulmonary

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix composites were produced using arc induction melting (AIM) to investigate the microstructural, mechanical, tribological, and electrical responses of the system. rGO additions of 0.5 and 1.0 wt% were introduced to clarify interfacial strengthening and functional synergies within the Cu matrix. Characterization through X‐ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Lateral Force Microscopy confirmed homogeneous rGO dispersion, refined grain structure, and the absence of undesirable secondary phases. Incorporating rGO led to a significant increase in hardness, rising from 65 ± 4HV30 for pure Cu to 225 ± 3HV30 for the composite containing 1 wt% rGO. This improvement is associated with Hall–Petch strengthening, Orowan looping, and effective interfacial load transfer. Tribological evaluations demonstrated up to 78% reduction in wear rate and more than 60% decrease in friction coefficient, linked to the formation of a stable, self‐lubricating carbonaceous tribofilm. SEM/EDX analyses of worn surfaces confirmed the presence of a continuous protective carbon layer. Electrical conductivity showed a slight improvement, maintaining the structural integrity of the Cu–rGO interface. Overall, AIM proved to be a scalable and energy‐efficient approach for fabricating dense and multifunctional Cu–rGO nanocomposites suitable for electromechanical and thermal management applications.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can be fatal if left untreated or poorly treated, and it is associated with many morbidities. Deaths may provide better understanding of the associated factors and help guide interventions to reduce mortality. In this study, it was aimed to reveal some of the features that predict hospital mortality in patients with TB and to present some alarming findings for clinicians. Materials and Methods: Patients who had been hospitalized with the diagnosis of TB between January 2008 and December 2018 were included and analyzed retrospectively. In -hospital mortality because of any TB disease after the initiation of treatment in patients admitted to the TB Ward and the primary cause of mortality were taken as endpoint. Results: A total of 1321 patients with a mean age of 50.1 years were examined. Total mortality was 39.4% (521 deaths) and 13.1% were in -hospital deaths (173 deaths). Of the deaths, 61.8% (n= 107) occurred during the first month after TB treatment were started. On univariate analysis, age over 48.5 years, Charlson comorbidity index, extension of radiological involvement, hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia were most predictive variables with higher odds ratios (respectively, p< 0.001 for all). Conclusion: In -hospital tuberculosis disease mortality is related with older age, cavitary or extensive pulmonary involvement, low albumin levels, unemployment, cigarette smoking and especially those with concomitant malignancy and chronic pulmonary disease.