Introduction: The current shortage in the global nursing workforce underscores the importance of understanding factors associated with career choice and professional retention. This study aimed to identify background profiles among Hungarian Bachelor of Science in Nursing students and to examine their associations with career-choice patterns and perceptions of the Graduate Nursing Residency Program (GNRP). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 1 September 2025 and 1 March 2026 at seven Hungarian higher education institutions. Of 979 questionnaires screened, eight were excluded because of incomplete cluster-analysis data, resulting in an analytical sample of 971 students. Student background profiles were explored using TwoStep cluster analysis. The four-cluster solution was retained on the basis of model-fit change, cluster-size balance, parsimony, and substantive interpretability; the average silhouette value was 0.20, indicating weak separation. Results: Four exploratory profiles were identified: students from families with a university degree (17.3%), students with a rural healthcare orientation (37.3%), urban middle-class students (24.2%), and students with an urban mobility background (21.2%). The timing of career choice differed across profiles (p < 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.179). Awareness of the GNRP was limited, with 69.7% reporting no prior knowledge. Perceived contribution to professional development differed statistically across profiles (p = 0.033; partial η² = 0.009), but the effect was small. Conclusions: The findings describe exploratory background profiles and modest associations rather than stable student categories or causal effects. Limited awareness and generally favorable perceptions of the GNRP suggest potential relevance for future communication and evaluation, but the present study does not establish program effectiveness.

Upper airway function has received limited attention as a potentially relevant component of respiratory physiology in aquatic athletes. Repeated exposure to chlorinated indoor environments, combined with high ventilatory demand during training, may contribute to the development of chronic irritant rhinitis characterized by nasal obstruction and mucosal hyperreactivity. Although often perceived as a minor inconvenience, increased nasal resistance may influence breathing comfort, perceived exertion, and recovery stability in swimmers and other aquatic athletes. In addition to environmental exposure, the widespread use of topical nasal decongestants may result in rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa, thereby contributing to a self-reinforcing cycle of airway dysfunction. Performance-related pressure and uncertainty related to anti-doping regulations may further shape medication behavior within athletic environments. This narrative review integrates environmental exposure mechanisms, mucosal pathophysiology, and behavioral medication patterns to provide a unified conceptual framework for understanding upper airway dysfunction in aquatic athletes. Particular emphasis is placed on nasal airflow stability as a potentially relevant factor in breathing comfort, sleep quality, and training consistency. Given that the available evidence is predominantly mechanistic and observational, the proposed relationships should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and translational rather than as evidence of direct causal effects on athletic performance.

Introduction: The current shortage in the global nursing workforce underscores the importance of understanding those factors that influence career choice and professional retention. This study aims to identify the background profiles of Hungarian BSc nursing students based on their social and sociocultural characteristics and to examine their relationship with career choice patterns and perceptions of the Graduate Nursing Residency Program (GNRP). Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among BSc nursing students at seven Hungarian higher education institutions using an anonymous online questionnaire. The final sample included 971 participants. Student background profiles were identified using TwoStep cluster analysis. Results: Four distinct profiles emerged: students from families with a university degree (17.3%), students with healthcare orientation living in rural areas (37.3%), urban middle-class students (24.2%), and students with an urban mobility background (21.2%). The timing of career choice differed significantly across profiles (p<0.001): 44.2% of students with healthcare orientation residing in rural areas decided on a nursing career during elementary school or earlier. Awareness of the GNRP was limited: 69.7% of the respondents had not previously heard of it. Perceptions of the program’s contribution to professional development varied significantly between profiles (p=0.033), although overall attitudes towards the program were positive. Conclusions: Hungarian BSc nursing students represent a socially heterogeneous population with distinct career choice trajectories. The limited awareness of the GNRP suggests a need for more effective dissemination strategies, while generally positive perceptions indicate the Program’s potential to support workforce retention and early career development.

A Naszlady Attila Egészségfejlesztési Program keretében 2023. április.18 és 2024. december 20. között végzett telemedicina-alapú gyermekgyógyászati ellátás célja az egészségügyi egyenlőtlenségek csökkentése, az ellátáshoz való hozzáférés javítása és a prevenciós modellek bevezetése volt Magyarország hátrányos helyzetű térségeiben. A program során több mint 2470 gyermek vett részt telemedicinális vizsgálatokon, az esetek 49%-a akut problémákkal, melyek közül a szezonális vírusinfekciók (28,6%), a felső légúti fertőzések (6,4%) és a gyomor-bélrendszeri tünetek (9,1%) voltak a leggyakoribbak. Ezek az akut kórképek alapegészségügyi ellátás szinten telemedicinális módszerekkel, helyben biztonsággal elláthatónak bizonyultak. A diagnosztikai folyamatot digitális vizsgáló eszközök illetve Point of Care Testing automaták segítették, gyors és pontos diagnózist tettek lehetővé. Az egészségügyi adatokat a NetDoktor medikai rendszerbe való rögzítésével és az EESZT felületén receptírás és beutaló írása is lehetővé vált. Az összes vizsgált gyermek közül 46%-a krónikus panaszokkal érkezett a mobil rendelőkbe. Az elvégzett iskolai szűrés során a tanulók közel 40%-a esetében egészségügyi kockázati tényezők igazolódtak. Az elhízás, alultápláltság, hipertónia, viselkedés zavarok a leggyakoribb diagnózisok, melyek további telemedicinális távkonzultációkkal egészségügyi beavatkozást igényeltek, melyek 85% telemedicinálisan megoldható volt tapasztalataink szerint a diagnózis felállításától a kezelésen át a gondozásig. A program eredményei rávilágítottak a technológiai innováció és szakmapolitikai támogatás fontosságára és rámutatott arra, hogy a gyermekgyógyászati ellátás modernizációja és a telemedicina-alapú ellátás hatékony választ adhat a hátrányos helyzetű közösségek egészségügyi kihívásaira. A prevenciós tevékenységek bővítése és a telemedicina alkalmazása hatékony eszköz a krónikus betegségek kockázati tényezőinek és a figyelemzavarok korai felismerésére és kezelésére. Az eredmények alapján a telemedicina nemcsak a hagyományos csecsemő és gyermekorvosi és iskolaegészségügyi ellátás, hatékony kiegészítése, hanem fontos szerepet játszik a gyermekgyógyászat fenntarthatóságában.