Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have attracted significant attention as leading candidates for flexible transparent electrodes owing to their unique combination of high electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical compliance. This review presents an overview of recent developments in AgNW-based transparent electrode technologies, with particular emphasis on strategies to improve network conductivity and long-term reliability, including junction engineering, surface modification, encapsulation approaches, and composite structure design. Representative applications in flexible optoelectronic systems, such as organic light-emitting devices, transparent heating elements, and electrochromic platforms, are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research directions toward scalable manufacturing and practical implementation of high-performance AgNW electrodes are outlined.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with its high sensitivity and fingerprinting capability, has shown broad application prospects in environmental monitoring, food safety, biomedicine, and other fields. Electrospinning technology can produce flexible nanofiber membranes with high specific surface area and three-dimensional porous structures, providing an ideal platform for constructing high-performance SERS substrates for multiphasic analysis. This review systematically summarizes the fabrication strategies of fiber-based SERS substrates by using electrospinning technology, classified from three perspectives: material composition (polymer-based, ceramic-based, carbon fiber-based, and metal-based), spatial configuration (inner, surface, and inner-surface), and temporal sequence of plasmonic nanostructure (pre-synthesis, pre-reduction, post-reduction, post-modification, etc.). Furthermore, the sampling methods and measurement approaches of such substrates in liquid-phase, solid-phase, and gas-phase detection are discussed, with a focus on their applications in environmental pollution monitoring, food safety inspection, microbial identification, and biomedical diagnostics. Finally, the comparison of different preparation strategies and potential future directions are discussed, which could offer helpful guidance for the design and application of high-performance flexible SERS substrates.