This study explores the relationships among climate change, food security, economic growth, and migration in the nine countries with the lowest rankings on the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) Index. It identifies the most vulnerable countries to climate change and the least prepared, using panel data from 1999 to 2022. The results show a bidirectional causal relationship between climate change and food security. Climate change worsens food insecurity by reducing agricultural productivity, which in turn drives up food prices. Conversely, agricultural policies aimed at increasing production can contribute to climate change if implemented unsustainably. A bidirectional causal relationship has been identified between climate change, food security, and migration. Finally, a bidirectional causal relationship has also been determined between economic growth, climate change, and migration. Changes in economic growth affect sectors, the labor market, and overall well-being, which in turn influence migration decisions. All these findings provide policymakers with valuable guidance for developing sustainable strategies that consider climate change, effectively manage migration, and prioritize food security. The findings indicate that climate change, food security, economic growth, and migration cannot be addressed in isolation; therefore, a holistic policy approach should be adopted.

Analyzing Türkiye’s policies towards the Balkans in the historical process will also help to understand the reasons for today's foreign policy approach. The importance of the region for Türkiye stems from its geographical position as a gateway between Eastern, Central, and Western Europe, as well as its cultural values, which Türkiye can name as the Ottoman heritage. The economic potential of the Balkans and its transit route features are of particular importance. Because it is the main transit route for the 3.5 million Turkish population living in Central and Western Europe, the influence of a regional power like Türkiye in the Balkans cannot be underestimated, especially in an environment where the world is in an international political system oriented toward a multipolar structure, and there is still no clear answer to the question of where Türkiye will position itself. Bosnia and Herzegovina is still a cultural outpost of Türkiye extending into central Europe. The future of the Bosnians is the key to the Balkans, both geo-culturally and geopolitically. This is the most important condition for Türkiye to establish an influence area in the Balkans. The belt that stretches from northwest to southeast through Bihac, Central Bosnia-Sanjak, is the lifeblood of Türkiye's Balkan geopolitics and geostrategy. The new developments that emerged with the end of the Cold War and the authority vacuum in the region are a process parallel to the historical development. The continuation of this process will show the extent to which the reality defined as micro-nationalism in international relations literature can be perceived. The importance of the region for Turkey stems from its position as a gateway between Eastern, Central, and Western Europe and Türkiye, its cultural values that can be called Ottoman heritage, and the Turkish and Muslim elements that still look towards Türkiye.

Background: Determining the shooting distance is one of the most crucial factors in firearm injuries and fatalities. When determining distance, it is important to carefully consider the barrel length, cartridge and fuse structures, extension, and environmental conditions. This study aims to measure the distance and ascertain the effects of extensions on pellet dispersal. Results: It was determined that there were noticeable differences in the pellet distributions between rounds fired at the same distance without extensions and those fired with 5-10-15 cm extensions. The diameter of the pellet dispersion decreased statistically as the choke length increased at distances greater than 100 cm ( p < 0,05). It was also seen that the diameter of the pellet entry hole shrank in rounds fired between 200 and 400 cm due to an increase in extension length. Statistics showed that the differences were significant ( p < 0.05). The largest satellite entrance hole distance decreased with extension length at 200 and 300 cm. There were statistically significant differences in satellite entrance hole distance ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study’s findings showed that the shotgun extensions directly impact pellet dispersal. It was acknowledged that the shot distance should not be calculated solely on the basis of target features without carefully analyzing the weapon and cartridge used in the incident.

The study’s main objective is to determine the critical factors in the transportation of explosives. In this study, the “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)” method is applied as one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques. A direct relationship matrix is created based on the knowledge of 9 experts. The answers provided by these experts were used in determining important criteria in explosives transportation. The main influencing factor is determined as the recognition/awareness of the Procedures and Policies, especially by the shipping country. The second influencing factor is determined as the supply of adequate and appropriate equipment and tools. When the applicability of explosive transport is examined according to the weights of the factors affected by the process, it is seen that the most affected factor is optimum efficiency. Therefore, ensuring optimum process efficiency is of high importance to protecting public health, human life, and the environment.