Estudio psicométrico de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en adultos jóvenes colombianos

The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is an ultra-brief screening instrument to measure depressive and anxiety symptoms. This study evaluated the dimensionality and reliability of the online version of the PHQ-4 in a large sample of the general population in Colombia. Data were collected during the first phase of lockdown measures occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 18,061 adult participants completed the online version of the PHQ-4. The characteristics of the items and subscales were explored. Dimensionality was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), including an examination of invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) across socio-demographic characteristics. Reliability indices were computed and known-groups validity was addressed by estimating associations between PHQ-4 scores and socio-demographic characteristics. The CFA showed significantly adequate fit indices for the expected two-factor structure, being invariant across gender, age, income level, education level, and region. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the PHQ-2 (α = .83), the GAD-2 (α = .79), and the PHQ-4 (α = .86). Higher scores on depressive (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), and psychological distress (PHQ-4) symptoms in females and young people, and those respondents with lower income, unemployed, and lower level of education were observed. The findings indicate that the PHQ-4 is a reliable scale for depressive and anxiety symptoms among adult Colombian people, being recommendable this tool for online surveys.

In Colombia, an increase of suicidal behavior in adolescents caused by personal and environmental factors is evidenced. This quantitative, descriptive, correlational research aimed to establish the existing relationship between social cognition, perception of the quality of relationships and emotional regulation with the variables of psychosocial risk, suicide risk and level of psychological well-being in adolescents in contexts of high socioeconomic vulnerability of Bogotá. A total of 155 adolescents were selected through nonprobabilistic sampling at convenience, with ages between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.47 and DE = 1.03). The results allowed observing the existence of significant relationships between the study variables. From a linear regression analysis, the emotional bond and emotional self-regulation had a higher level of explanation about the perception of well-being and the psychosocial risk associated with suicide. Finally, the results and implications of a greater participation of the emotional bond in comparison to that of social cognition in adolescence are discussed, in order to formulate programs that promote well-being and prevent risk.

Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional de corte transversal, para describir la posible relación entre la ansiedad social, la adicción a internet y al cibersexo, con la percepción de bienestar subjetivo y de malestar físico. Participaron 214 adultos jóvenes, con edades entre los 18 y 30 años, de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Los resultados evidenciaron un nivel bajo en el comportamiento de las variables y relaciones significativas, con diferencias en función del sexo, siendo en las mujeres la relación significativa y positiva entre la adicción al internet y la adición al cibersexo con la percepción de malestar físico, y en los hombres, significativa y negativa entre la adicción al internet y al cibersexo con la percepción de bienestar subjetivo. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones, para el mejoramiento del bienestar y la calidad de vida del adulto joven.

Background: From the evidence, it is inferred the influence of cognitive or motivational variables over the emotional ones and from these on the perception and self-reported wellbeing and health, with direct implications for health promotion and prevention. Method: a quantitative approach, descriptive, correlational cross-sectional with statistical explanatory analysis investigation was conducted, analyzing the data through path modeling of the partial least squares approach of the structural equations model, by using the Smart PLS software 3.3.2 version, analyzing consequently the convergent and discriminant validity of the model. A total 223 undergraduate university young adult students was evaluated, 41 men (18,4%) and 182 women (81,6%) with ages between 18 and 30 years old (µ= 24,26 y σ=±3,30), from Bogotá Colombia participated. Results: The results allowed to significant relations between the self – determination with the impulsivity and emotional intelligence, and from these with the psychological well-being and healthy habits. There were not identified significant relations between the metacognition and the impulsivity, although there are between metacognition and emotional intelligence. Conclusions: The proposed model about the significant relations between metacognition and self-determination with impulsivity and emotional intelligence and between these and the psychological well-being and healthy habits was confirmed. The specific result related to the absence of significant relations between metacognition and the impulsivity suggest for futures research, to emphasize on the metacognitive process implicated on the emotional components. The results are discussed, its implications and the necessity to be considered more determinants for the promotion of health.

Introducción. Los modelos salutogénico y biopsicosocial fomentan la promoción del bienestar. Estudios reconocen que favorece los hábitos de estudio. Ante la pandemia por COVID-19, los cambios llevaron a investigar si el bienestar influye en el afrontamiento, los hábitos de estudio y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, correlacional y transversal con estudiantes de pregrado de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos, de dos instituciones privadas de Bogotá, Colombia. Los datos se analizaron a través del enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados. Participaron 212 estudiantes cuyas edades estaban entre 18 y 30 años (M=22.74 y DE= 5.55). Se cumplió el modelo con una Raíz Cuadrada Media Estandarizada de 0.079. Los coeficientes de ruta β y el estadístico t evidenciaron relaciones positivas y significativas entre el bienestar psicológico y el afrontamiento adecuado (β=0.50, t=6.75, P=0.000), los hábitos de estudio (β= 0.49, t=5.49, P=0.000) y el uso de las TIC (β=0.29, t=2.70, P=0.007), y negativas con el afrontamiento inadecuado (β=-0.35, t=4.28, P=0.000). También entre el bienestar subjetivo y el afrontamiento inadecuado (β=-0.23, t=2.76, P=0.006) y los hábitos de estudio (β=-0.21, t=2.09, P=0.037). Discusión. Se validan hallazgos de otras investigaciones sobre la influencia del bienestar para favorecer la salud mental. Conclusiones. Se evidenciaron relaciones positivas y significativas entre el bienestar y el afrontamiento adecuado, los hábitos de estudio y el uso de las TIC, y negativas con el afrontamiento inadecuado.