This article examines the translation of Kazakh cultural objects in literary works, which holds significant importance for Kazakh language and culture. The article analyzes the significance of national hair ornaments and belts in the works of Kazakh writers and their translation into Russian and English. Kazakh people believe that the hair ornament sholpy protects a girl or a young woman from evil forces. This type of hair ornament has both material and spiritual significance in Kazakh culture. In Kazakh literary works, the value of the analyzed jewelry is connected with its affiliation to a person and social status. It is presented as a symbol of female beauty. The belt is a valuable piece of nomadic clothing and a highly valued sacred object in Kazakh culture. Specific functional and semantic meanings as well as translation in literary works have been considered. The importance of translation as a “golden bridge” between different cultures is on the rise. As in other spheres, the requirements for translation are updated depending on the purpose and stage. The anthropocentric trend in modern linguistics raises the question of the relationship between language, man and culture, and poses the task of being able to convey the world view of one nation in the language of another, preserving all cultural and spiritual characteristics, taking into account deep information about people’s background knowledge. The article also analyzes the problem of background knowledge and the peculiarities of translating Kazakh culture-specific elements with spiritual significance for the people. These elements should be taken into account when translating literary works.

Many languages distinguish numeral classifiers in their grammar systems categorizing nominals in terms of their inherent nature, such as animacy, shape, form, and arrangement. Kazakh, a Turkic language of Central Asia, distinguishes numeral classifiers, which are used in numeral classifier constructions consisting of a numeral, a numeral classifier and a specified noun. Numeral classifiers in such constructions can be optional. This paper aims at a preliminary description of the features, types, and usage of numeral classifiers in Kazakh.

Integrating structured linguistic resources into deep learning architectures represents a key challenge in domain-oriented NLP. This study proposes a framework for incorporating knowledge from a military thesaurus of the Ground Forces, structured according to the XML Zthes standard, into pre-trained transformed language models, including KazBERT, multilingual BERT, and XLM-RoBERTA. The approach addresses two interrelated tasks in specialized terminology processing: concept linking and semantic search. Unlike existing knowledge-injection methods designed primarily for general-domain applications, this framework formalizes the mapping of Zthes elements, such as Term, Broader term, Narrower term, Related term, ScopeNote, Language, and Source into structured textual representations that can be directly processed by transformer architectures. Fine-tuning is conducted on a dataset of 18,400 training instances automatically generated from the thesaurus, including synonym pairs, hierarchical relations (hyperonymy and hyponymy), associative links, and definitional descriptions. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that thesaurus-enriched models outperform baseline architectures across all major metrics. XLM-RoBERTA model achieves F1 = 0.84 and Top-5 accuracy = 0.94 in the concept linking task, representing a five-point improvement over the baseline. The model reaches Macro-F1 = 0.84 across four relation types. Results obtained on a specialized test set derived from terminology databases of Kazakhstan’s Armed Forces confirm robust cross-lingual generalization across Kazakh, Russian and English military discourse.

Мақалада отбасының негізгі құндылықтары жан-жақты талданды. Қазақ халқының рухани байлығының бірі – отбасы құндылықтары. Отбасылық құндылықтар қоғамның негізгі құрамдас бөлігі болып табылады және мәдениет пен адамгершілік қасиетті қалыптастыруда маңызды рөл атқарады. Құндылықтар отбасы ішіндегі қарым-қатынас пен отбасы мүшелерінің өзара байланысын реттейтін принциптер, сенімдер мен нормалар жиынтығы болып табылады. Бала тәрбиесінде отбасылық құндылықтардың орны ерекше. Әр бала негізгі құндылықтарды отбасынан алады және отбасында бойына сіңірген барлық құндылықтарды ересек өмірінде ұстанады. Қазақстан үшін қазақ өркениетін дамыту, салт-дәстүрін, әдет-ғұрпын, тілін ұлттық құндылықтар аясын кеңейту – өзекті мәселенің бірі. Жаһандану процесі өсіп келе жатқан жасөспірімдерге кері әсерін тигізіп, өз ұлттық болмысынан алыстатып, ұлтқа жат құндылықтарды бойына сіңіруіне әкеледі. Сондықтан ұлттық мұра құндылықтарын қазіргі таңның мәдени жетістіктерімен үйлестіру әрбір отбасының мақсаты болуы тиіс. Мақалада авторлар жаһандану жағдайында Қазақстандағы студенттер мен Қытай және Моңғолиядан келген қандас студенттердің арасында сауалнама жүргізіп оны талдау арқылы отбасы құндылықтарының рөлін анықтады. Сонымен қатар Қазақстандағы студенттер мен Қытай және Моңғолиядан келген қандас студенттердің отбасы құндылықтары талқыланып, басты құндылықтар анықталды.

The article examines the phonetic characteristics of the language spoken by ethnic Kazakhs in China, focusing on vowel and consonant combinations, phonetic shifts, and distinctive speech features. The phonetic differences between the language of ethnic Kazakhs (repatriates) from China and the standard literary Kazakh language are analyzed, and the detailed linguistic assessment is provided. As part of the empirical research, surveys and interviews were conducted with repatriates from China. The recorded audio and video materials were transcribed and analyzed to identify phonetic features. This analysis confirmed various phonetic phenomena in the Kazakh language, including sound reduction, augmentation, and transportation, as evidenced by both scholarly research and the conducted interviews. Researchers studying the language of ethnic Kazakhs in China have noted differences in the sound system, particularly in the pronunciation of vowels and consonants. However, there is a lack of comparative studies that examine the linguistic features of Kazakh spoken by ethnic Kazakhs in China in relation to the standard literary Kazakh used in Kazakhstan. The phonetic traits preserved in the speech of older ethnic Kazakhs from China are linked to their use of Akhmet Baitursynov’s töte žazuw alphabet system. Their language has undergone little change since migrating to Kazakhstan in the 1990s. In contrast, phonetic changes have been observed in the speech of the younger generation who received education in Kazakh schools and universities and now work as teachers in Kazakhstan.