Wool fibers usually need shrinkproofing finishing. The enzyme process is an eco-friendly technology but the traditional exhaustion treatment usually takes excessive time. This study developed a novel multiple padding shrinkproofing process of wool with Savinase 16L and an organic phosphine compound {[HO(CH₂)_n]₃P, n ∈ (1, 10)}. SEM and XPS analyses were employed to compare the wool treated respectively by exhaustion and by padding to reveal the effect of multiple padding. The results showed that treated wool fiber achieved the requirement of machine-washable (area shrinkage less than 8% according to standard TM 31 5 × 5A) in 2.5 min by the padding process. The padding process can control the adsorbance of enzyme on wool, which makes treatment more uniform and avoids strong damage of the wool. Also, the removal efficiency of the disulfide bond was about 15 times as much as in the exhaustion treatment in 2.5 min. The average catalytic rate of the padding process was 14 times faster than the exhaustion process, and the process time (2.5 min) decreased by 32.5 min compared with the exhaustion process (35 min). Multiple padding techniques can achieve continuous production and replace the environmentally harmful chlorination process. Our results provide the underlying insights needed to guide the research of the enzyme process application.

Much research has focused on improvement of the structural and mechanical properties of regenerated keratin materials by physical or chemical methods in recent years. In this research, regenerated keratin materials were modified with graphene oxide (GO). The properties of modified keratin films and the mechanism of interaction between GO and keratin macromolecules were studied. The SEM and XRD test results showed that the orientation of keratin macromolecules could be effectively improved by GO, which favored improvement of the keratin material’s crystallinity and made the films more uniform and compact. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of GO-modified keratin films were also improved significantly. At the same time, the reaction mechanism between keratin and GO materials was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that there was no chemical reaction between GO and keratin molecules, and the interaction between them was mainly via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.