Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that lead to cartilage loss, inflammation, and disability. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used for its viscoelastic, anti-inflammatory, and chondroprotective properties; however clinical outcomes remain inconsistent. Recent studies have explored combining HA with biologic or pharmacologic agents, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), corticosteroids (CS), fibrinogen, botulinum toxin A, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), and stem cells, to enhance efficacy through multimodal mechanisms. Despite this, the comparative benefits and safety profiles of these emerging strategies remain unclear. This review aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intra-articular HA, used either alone or in combination with adjunctive agents, for the management of KOA. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, covering the period from January 2010 to April 2025. A total of 70 studies were included, comprising 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 20 meta-analyses. High-quality evidence supports the modest yet clinically significant efficacy of HA monotherapy, especially in the early to moderate stages of KOA. Outcomes appear to be affected by factors such as molecular weight, crosslinking, and injection protocols. Among combination strategies, the combination of HA and PRP demonstrates the most consistent synergistic benefits across various outcome domains. Short-term improvements are also observed with the combination of HA and CS. Emerging combinations involving fibrinogen, botulinum toxin A, peripheral blood stem cells and polydeoxyribonucleotide show early promise but remain under investigation.

Background: Clinical pharmacists have an important role in inter-professional healthcare collaboration for epilepsy management. However, the pharmacy practices of managing epilepsy are still limited in Vietnam, deterring pharmacists from routine adjustments of antiepileptic drugs, which could decrease the patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions in epilepsy treatment at a Vietnamese general hospital. Methods: A before-and-after study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2018. All patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy and being treated at the investigated hospital were recruited and screened for eligibility and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in good control of their epilepsy (with two seizures or less in a year). The secondary outcome was the number of patients maintaining optimized concentrations within the therapeutic range of carbamazepine (4–12 mg/L), phenytoin (10–20 mg/L), or valproic acid (50–100 mg/L). Collected data were analyzed using two proportions Z-test or Chi-square test. Results: A total of 141 participants were enrolled in the study. While most patients were given lower prescribed daily doses than the recommendations from the World Health Organization, over 56% of the participants still experienced adverse drug effects. More than half of the patients received at least one pharmacists’ intervention, which increased by 25.0% the effectiveness of the therapy (p < 0.001) and by 14.6% the number of patients with optimized drug concentrations (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Epilepsy management requires a multiple-stepped and comprehensive approach, with a focus on the health and safety of the patients. As part of the healthcare team, pharmacists need to engage at every stage to monitor the patient’s response and determine the most effective treatment with the fewest adverse drug reactions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04967326. Registered July 19, 2021—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04967326

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đánh giá tác dụng hạ glucose máu của cao chiết cà phê xanh trên chuột nhắt trắng. Cao chiết cà phê xanh được tiêu chuẩn hóa theo Dược Điển Việt Nam V trước khi thử nghiệm. Chuột nhắt trắng được nuôi với chế độ ăn giàu chất béo (High Fat Diet - HFD) trong 8 tuần để gây tăng lipid và tiền đái tháo đường, sau đó tiêm phúc mô streptozotocin (STZ) liều 100 mg/kg trọng lượng chuột để gây bệnh đái tháo đường. Cao chiết cà phê xanh được thử nghiệm ở liều 150 mg/kg và 300 mg/kg trọng lượng chuột. Đánh giá tác dụng hạ đường huyết dựa vào chỉ số glucose trong máu vào các ngày thứ 7, ngày thứ 14 và ngày thứ 21 khi uống cao chiết. Kết quả sau khi cho chuột ăn thức ăn có chứa hàm lượng chất béo cao (khoảng 60% năng lượng từ chất béo, với thành phần chủ yếu của chất béo là mỡ heo) trong 8 tuần, có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê đối với các chỉ số: trọng lượng chuột, cholesterol toàn phần (TC), triglycerid (TG) (p < 0,001). Đối với kết quả khảo sát tác dụng trên glucose máu ở chuột được gây đái tháo đường typ 2 cho thấy, cả hai nhóm chuột uống cao cà phê có xu hướng giảm glucose huyết có ý nghĩa thống kê sau 21 ngày (p < 0,05). Kết quả thực nghiệm trong nghiên cứu này cho thấy cao chiết từ hạt cà phê xanh có thể được sử dụng hỗ trợ điều trị bệnh đái tháo đường typ 2.