Background and Objectives: Labial alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region is the key factor in the placement of implants. Differences in the thickness of the bone are reported among different ethnic groups. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing labial alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region in the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The six anterior teeth in each of the 186 CBCT sagittal images were analyzed at three points: Point A from the facial plate at the level of the bone crest to the coronal root third, Point B to the mid-root surface, and Point C to the apical third. Crest height (Point D) was measured as the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar bone crest. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The bone thickness at any given point (Point A, Point B, or Point C) was less than the preferred bone thickness of 2 mm in all six teeth. The thickness was minimum at Point B, maximum at Point C, and intermediate at Point A. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The crestal height (Point D) was less than 3 mm, and it was not statistically significant. Comparison of bone thickness on the right and left sides for any given point was not statistically significant except at Point A in the central incisor, where it was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). Gender comparison of bone thickness showed no difference at Point A; however, at Points B and C, it showed statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The alveolar bone thickness being <2 mm in the labial anterior region warns of the importance of the proper assessment of bone during implant placement to have a predictable outcome.

Introduction: Dental caries is a bacterial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth and the first permanent molar the first victim of getting carious due to its early involvement. Caries has been known that is caused by bacteria fermenting food, producing acids and dissolving tooth mineral. Objective: The first permanent molars are extremely influential dental structures in maxillofacial growth and development, and in the oral health status. Aim: to assess the Prevalence of First Permanent Molar Caries Among 7-year old Children in Al-Qassim Province and its possible relation to the different levels of S. mutans (SM)and Lactobacilli (LB), salivary buffer capacity and salivary Ph. Material & Methods: a cross sectional analytical study design. With a total of 243 children, aged 6-7 year old selected from different schools randomly. Clinical examination of children was conducted to assess dental caries, and saliva was collected to assess S. mutans levels, lactobacilli, salivary PH, and buffering capacity of saliva. Results: Prevalence of carious first permanent molars was high 153 (63%). No statistically significant difference revealed by chi-square test between carious first permanent molars and Ph. A statistical significant difference was found between carious first permanent molars and saliva buffer capacity. Must patients had high buffer capacity. Chi-square test revealed that the relation between caries and SM levels was highly statistically significant at P

The maxillary anterior esthetic zone is of particular importance in implant dentistry because the thickness of the labial alveolar bone influences implant

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) has a higher prevalence in the Kingdom of KSA (KSA) compared to many other parts of the world. Few case reports and case series have been reported from the KSA. The clinical characteristics of cases reported vary in severity and presentation. Variation in cases may involve differences in periodontal involvement and/or skin manifestation and other systemic involvement. Depending on the severity of periodontal involvement, treatment varies from oral hygiene instructions to implant placement for replacement of missing teeth in restoring esthetics. Studying the details of each case may help better manage PLS. An attempt was made to study all of the cases reported in the Saudi population to assess the clinical characteristics variation and treatment rendered. This compilation of cases could serve as a valuable resource and guiding source for dentists in KSA for the better management of patients diagnosed with PLS.

Anatomic variations can make placing implants in the mandible more complex. Exploring the variation in the presence of ridges and lingual concavity among different races and ethnicities is of therapeutic significance. The current study evaluates the prevalence and size of mandibular lingual concavity, which can cause surgical complications while inserting dental implants in the mandibular first molar area. Two hundred and fifty-six cross-section images of the edentulous first molar region were examined. Within this geographical area, the structure of the lower jaw was categorized into three distinct types: C-configuration (convex), P-configuration (parallel), and U-configuration (with an undercut). The study was conducted at IAU College of Dentistry, Dammam. Data was gathered on the depth of the lingual concavity, the angle of the concavity, and other relevant factors. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Of 256 subjects included in the study, 144 were males (M), and 112 were females (F). Various variables measured complimenting the lingual concavity showed no difference between the genders, except for the VCB "The vertical distance from the alveolar crest to line A" (p-value = 0.005). The division of ridges morphology as a whole was as follows: Convex (C), 70 (27.34 %), Parallel (P) 51 (19.92 %), and Undercut (U) type, 135 (52.73 %). The angle of concavity was 69.28 ± 14.41 % (M) and 67.09 ± 13.04 %. (F). Angle depth was 2.40 ± 1.72 % (M) and 2.36 ± 1.46 % (F); together, 2.38 ± 1.6 %. It was concluded that U-type ridges were predominant (52.73%) with more chances of occurrence of lingual concavity. There were no differences between the genders except in one parameter. (VCB) Further studies are required to explore lingual concavity in more detail.

Background: Cognitive impairment is an increasing global health burden, and growing evidence suggests that periodontitis may contribute to cognitive decline through chronic inflammation and other oral-systemic pathways. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and cognitive impairment in adults and to contextualize the findings within prior evidence syntheses. In this review, periodontitis is conceptualized as a host-mediated chronic inflammatory burden rather than as a marker of intraoral infection alone. Methods: A PRISMA-based systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for observational studies published between 2015 and December 2025. Eligible studies included adults assessed for both periodontal status and cognition using validated clinical, radiographic, and neuropsychological measures. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of the evidence was judged qualitatively. Database-specific search strategies are provided. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including prospective cohort, cross-sectional, and Alzheimer disease cohorts. Across studies, more severe periodontitis was consistently associated with poorer cognitive performance, higher odds of mild cognitive impairment, and faster cognitive decline. In the four studies eligible for quantitative synthesis, the random-effects estimate indicated an approximately twofold overall association estimate (2.12; 95% CI 1.51–2.98), which is best interpreted as a summary association measure rather than a precise risk estimate. In Alzheimer disease cohorts, periodontal inflammation was associated with accelerated deterioration, including a six-fold greater rate of cognitive decline in one study and faster worsening on standardized cognitive scales in another. Risk-of-bias assessment showed three studies at low risk and six at moderate risk, with no study judged high risk. However, the overall certainty of the evidence was considered low because the evidence base was observational, clinically heterogeneous, and vulnerable to residual confounding and possible publication bias; this judgment reflects a qualitative interpretation of the included study designs and their methodological limitations rather than a formal GRADE rating. Conclusions: The current evidence supports a consistent, approximately twofold overall association between periodontal disease and cognitive impairment, broadly in line with prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses, while adding newer cohort and Alzheimer disease data through 2025. The exposure is best understood as a host-mediated periodontal inflammatory burden, and Periodontitis may represent a potentially modifiable contributor to adverse cognitive outcomes, but causal inference and policy-level screening recommendations require stronger interventional and mechanistic evidence. Clinical Relevance: Periodontitis represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and accelerated deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease patients, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and medical professionals. Integrating routine periodontal screenings and proactive oral care into the management of aging populations could serve as a valuable, low-risk strategy to help mitigate adverse cognitive outcomes.