The utility of histological grading, which is useful in predicting prognosis in many tumors, is controversial for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, new histopathological parameters should be added to histopathology reports of OSCCs. The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of worst invasion pattern (WPOI) and tumor budding in patients with OSCC, to compare them with other histopathological parameters, clinical data and overall survival, and to evaluate these results within the literature. A total of 73 OSCC cases with excisional biopsies were included in this study. WPOI, tumor budding, cell nest size, tumor-stroma ratio, stromal lymphocyte infiltration and stroma type, as well as classical histopathological parameters, were evaluated on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. Perineural invasion, lymph node metastases, advanced stage, presence of more than five buds and single cell invasion pattern in univariate survival analyses are characterized by a shortened overall survival time. While there was no significant difference between WPOI results and survival in the survival analysis, WPOI 5 was associated with more frequent lymph node metastasis and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis compared to WPOI 4. We concluded that tumor budding and single-cell invasion should be considered prognostic histopathologic parameters in OSCC.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the clinical parameters of vaginal infection—specifically the presence, type, number of concurrent symptoms, and recurrence frequency—and cervical cytology findings, including inflammation severity, Candida, bacterial vaginosis, cellular abnormalities, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positivity. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study included 458 women attending our gynecology outpatient clinic for Pap smear screening. Vaginal symptoms were documented through face-to-face interviews using a structured data collection form. Cervical samples were evaluated via liquid-based cytology by a single, experienced cytopathologist, who was blinded to the clinical data; cellular abnormalities, the degree of inflammation and cytomorphological findings indicative of infection were reported. HPV analysis was performed on the 218 women for whom results were available. Chi-square and trend chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. Results: No significant association was found between the clinical parameters of vaginal symptoms—specifically presence, concurrency, and recurrence frequency—and cytological abnormalities, HPV positivity and bacterial vaginosis (p > 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe inflammation was significantly higher in women with vaginal discharge and a greater symptom burden (p < 0.05). Pruritus, dysuria, and vaginal burning were significantly associated with Candida positivity (p < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between the severity of cervical inflammation and abnormal cytology or HPV positivity (p > 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, neither symptom burden nor cervical inflammation severity was independently associated with abnormal cytology or HPV positivity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that vaginal symptoms and the severity of cervical inflammation may not serve as definitive or independent discriminatory markers for cellular abnormalities or HPV positivity in this context. Nevertheless, specific symptom patterns may assist clinicians in evaluating localized infectious processes. Consequently, while standard cytological and molecular protocols remain essential for oncogenic screening, evaluating the overall symptom burden provides clinicians with a valuable framework for identifying benign dysbiotic and inflammatory processes. These findings remained consistent after adjustment for major clinical confounders.

Introduction. The identification of mitotic figures is essential for the diagnosis, grading, and classification of various different tumors. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of literature reporting the consistency in interpreting mitotic figures among pathologists. This study leverages publicly accessible datasets and social media to recruit an international group of pathologists to score an image database of more than 1000 mitotic figures collectively. Materials and Methods. Pathologists were instructed to randomly select a digital slide from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and annotate 10-20 mitotic figures within a 2 mm² area. The first 1010 submitted mitotic figures were used to create an image dataset, with each figure transformed into an individual tile at 40x magnification. The dataset was redistributed to all pathologists to review and determine whether each tile constituted a mitotic figure. Results. Overall pathologists had a median agreement rate of 80.2% (range 42.0%-95.7%). Individual mitotic figure tiles had a median agreement rate of 87.1% and a fair inter-rater agreement across all tiles (kappa = 0.284). Mitotic figures in prometaphase had lower percentage agreement rates compared to other phases of mitosis. Conclusion. This dataset stands as the largest international consensus study for mitotic figures to date and can be utilized as a training set for future studies. The agreement range reflects a spectrum of criteria that pathologists use to decide what constitutes a mitotic figure, which may have potential implications in tumor diagnostics and clinical management.

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a rare tumor which accounts for less than 5% of all liver cysts. Although they are considered to be “benign cysts” radiologically and clinically because of their slow growth, they are considered as premalignant. We present two radiologically misdiagnosed cases that operated in a short time range, in order to increase awareness for these rare tumors. A 47-year-old female patient who had no active complaints 58 x 40 mm cystic lesion was detected in the liver, which was diagnosed hydatid cyst radiologically. The pathological examination showed multiloculated cysts which was covered by low-grade mucinous epithelium and ovarian-type stroma on the cyst wall. A 50-year-old female patient presented with abdominal distention. The radiographical screening revealed a 204 x 140 mm cystic lesion that completely fills left lobe of liver which interpreted in favor of hydatid cyst. Histopathologically, the inner surface of the cyst was covered with low grade mucinous epithelium. Ovarian-type stroma was detectable only by immunohistochemistry due to significant bleeding and edema on the wall. The diagnosis of both of our cases was low grade MCN-L. Since cysts were not intact at the time of gross examination, we could not make any comment about surgical margins or total excision. MCN-L is a tumor that creates difficulty in presurgical differential diagnosis because of its rarity and lack of specific radiologic features. Although the prognosis is excellent as a result of total excision in the benign group, relapses have also been reported.