Global regional variations in dyslipidemia prevalence underscore the need for an updated global overview of the magnitude of dyslipidemia over time. To estimate the global prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults, considering scientific evidence published in the last 20 years, while analyzing associated sociodemographic and geographic factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE, including observational studies published between 2000 and 2025 that reported the prevalence of dyslipidemia components in general adult populations, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (< 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women), and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statistical analyses included meta-analysis with random effects models, stratified analyses by sex and country, and meta-regression by publication year. A total of 206 studies were included, primarily cross-sectional (98.5%). The global prevalence was 28.8% for hypertriglyceridemia, 24.1% for hypercholesterolemia, 38.4% for low HDL-C, and 18.93% for high LDL-C. Men presented a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (33.8% vs. 24.5% in women), while women showed a higher frequency of low HDL-C (40.5% vs. 34.1% in men). The highest prevalences of low HDL-C and mixed dyslipidemia patterns were observed in the Middle East and Latin America. Temporal trends revealed a progressive increase in hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C, with a decrease in hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C. There is an epidemiological transition in the dyslipidemia profile, from classic hypercholesterolemia toward a predominance of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C, with important differences by sex and region. These findings significantly affect cardiovascular prevention and health policies addressing residual risk beyond LDL-C control.

Introduction: Several previous studies have provided evidence that obesity is a significant risk factor for the increase in prediabetes, but there are discrepancies regarding whether all the classic ways of measuring obesity, the body mass index (BMI), the waist circumference (WC) or the Waist to height ratio (WHtR) present the same level of risk. Objective: to carry out a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis to determine the association between indicators of obesity and prediabetes. Methods: A systematic review (SR) with a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed. The search was conducted in four databases: Pubmed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Association measures were presented as odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR), together with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Of the total number of manuscripts chosen, 12 had an analytical cross-sectional design, and 4 were cohort studies. For the cross-sectional studies, together they presented a statistically significant association for BMI (OR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.65 – 1.34), WC (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 – 1.54), and WHtR (OR: 2.47 IC 95 % 1.50 – 4.06). In the meta-analysis of the cohort studies, an association was found with WC (RR: 4.95; 95% CI 3.42 – 7.17) but not with BMI (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 0.81 – 1.85). There were no studies with WHtR. Conclusions: According to the results, considering cohort studies, WC could be the best risk indicator for prediabetes. There is a high degree of heterogeneity between the studies about the way obesity is measured, including the cut-off points used, so further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association and confirm the results found.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which increases fracture risk. In the context of various chronic pathologies, this condition may present an even higher prevalence, impacting morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. To synthesize and compare available evidence from systematic reviews on the prevalence of osteoporosis across different chronic diseases. An umbrella review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) reporting prevalence data of osteoporosis in adults with at least one chronic disease. Databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, were searched, covering publications between 2009 and 2023, without language restrictions. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction, resolving discrepancies through consensus. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the ROBIS tool. Prevalence estimates reported in each review were analyzed, classifying diseases according to the magnitude of the percentages found. Thirteen systematic reviews were evaluated (twelve included meta-analyses). The highest prevalence of osteoporosis was observed in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (up to 36.8%) and diabetes mellitus (approximately 27.7%). Other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, liver cirrhosis, and celiac disease, showed variable prevalence but were equally relevant in clinical terms. Methodological heterogeneity, both in diagnostic criteria and populations, was a notable factor. The results highlight the need for systematic assessment of bone health in patients with chronic diseases, particularly those with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. These findings underscore the importance of timely screening strategies and multidisciplinary approaches to prevent fractures and optimize comprehensive care. Not applicable.

Introduction: Prediabetes represents a significant public health challenge in Latin America. Its prevalence varies considerably depending on the diagnostic criteria used, which hinders a precise understanding of its magnitude in the region. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes in Latin America through a systematic review (SR). Methods: A SR and meta-analysis was conducted searching through October 25, 2024 in SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed. Studies were included if they: (1) used probabilistic sampling methods, (2) included adult participants (≥ 18 years), (3) assessed prediabetes using WHO criteria, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, or HbA1c, and (4) were published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies using non-probabilistic sampling, focusing on specific medical conditions, or lacking sufficient data to calculate prevalence or incidence were excluded. Random-effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics and publication bias through funnel plots. Results: Twenty-five studies from 9 countries published between 1992 and 2023 were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of prediabetes was 24% (95% CI: 18–30%). According to specific criteria, the prevalences were: WHO 11% (95% CI: 5–18%), FG 18% (95% CI: 10–27%), PPG 20% (95% CI: 3–46%), and HbA1c 32% (95% CI: 21–52%). High heterogeneity was observed among studies (I² = 99–100%, p < 0.001). Only one study analyzed the incidence, which was 12.8%. Conclusions: Prediabetes prevalence in Latin America is high, with significant variations by diagnostic criteria. The limited number of incidence studies and high heterogeneity highlight the need for standardized approaches in future research. Implementation of preventive strategies and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance systems are crucial for addressing this public health challenge.

Peru experienced its most severe dengue outbreak on record, with the Amazonas region reporting 3502 dengue cases in 2022. This study aimed to examine the distribution of dengue cases across Amazonas from 2000 to 2023, while exploring the influence of climate factors. Monthly incidence was aggregated into four consecutive six-year blocks to identify incidence trends, and space-time scan statistics identified high and low-risk clusters. Spearman correlations with distributed lags (0 - 2 months) evaluated the association between incidence and climatic data from NASA-POWER, stratified by season. Until 2005, transmission was restricted to Bagua and Utcubamba provinces. A major increase in cases from 2008 to 2011 was recorded in the endemic provinces of Condorcanqui, Bagua, and Utcubamba forming a high-risk cluster in the latter two (LLR = 287.88, RR = 3.79). After a decrease during 2012-2017, incidence resurged creating a Bagua mega-cluster (LLR = 1112.28, RR = 3.20) and expanding to Jazán and Balsas districts, with the latter characterized by lower temperatures compared to endemic areas. Significant correlations were found between climatic variables and incidence. Specifically, minimum temperature significantly influenced dengue dynamics and expansion into Balsas (rho = 0.23, P = 0.03), with a two-month lag during the wet season. These findings underscore the importance of climate monitoring in guiding public health interventions. However, a comprehensive approach that considers environmental and behavioral factors, tailored to the specific conditions of each province, is essential for effective control of future outbreaks.