Several studies have evaluated the reproductive toxicity of herbicides. However, data on the reproductive effects of clodinafop-propargyl remain limited. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the reproductive toxicity of clodinafop-propargyl by evaluating the testicular Subacute toxicity in adult male rabbits using morphometric histological and hormonal parameters. Rabbits aged 5 to 6 months were randomly divided into four groups: three experimental groups (G1, G2, G3) administered increasing doses of Clodinafop Propargyl, and a control group receiving distilled water over four weeks period. Serum hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, revealing a significant, dose-dependent decline in plasma testosterone levels. Mean testosterone levels were 11.14 ± 0.93 nmol·L–1 in the control group, compared to 7.66 ± 0.67 nmol·L–1 in G1, 5.75 ± 0.81 nmol·L–1 in G2, and 0.95 ± 0.72 nmol·L–1 in G3 (P<0.05). Testicular weights also decreased significantly: 9.97 ± 0.88 g in controls, 9.10 ± 4.73 g in G1, 7.83 ± 0.61 g in G2, and 1.03 ± 0.71 g in G3 (P<0.05. Histological assessment of testicular and epididymal tissues was conducted using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Azan’s trichrome stains. The result included degeneration of seminiferous tubules, epithelial disorganization, germ cell depletion especially Leydig cells, and increased interstitial collagen deposition, consistent with testicular fibrosis. The highest dose group (G3) showed marked reduction in spermatogenesis and spermatozoa counts in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. These findings indicate that exposure to Clodinafop Propargyl induces dose-dependent structural and functional damage to the testes, with potential implications for male reproductive health and fertility.

The relationship between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone during sexual maturation in male dromedary camels remains poorly understood, despite its clinical importance in prostate health monitoring and reproductive management. In 50 intact male dromedaries divided into five age groups, we looked at the longitudinal changes of these biomarkers. Testosterone showed a substantial correlation with age (r = 0.89), although PSA only showed a modest connection (r = 0.41). Phase-specific correlations between PSA and testosterone were non-significant, ranging from slightly negative (r = −0.39) during the transitional phase to modestly positive (r = 0.40) after puberty. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate a distinct divergence between PSA and testosterone trajectories during camel maturation, which may reflect developmental and functional changes associated with prostatic cellular differentiation and functional maturation during puberty, with the possibility of specific regulatory mechanisms that may not be entirely androgen-dependent. Establishing these age-specific profiles provides an essential biomarker framework to enhance reproductive health assessment and veterinary management strategies in dromedary camels.