A series of novel indole Schiff base derivatives (2a–2t) containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold modified with a thioether group were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HR-MS. In addition, the antifungal activity of synthesized indole derivatives was investigated against Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum), Fusariummoniliforme (F.moniliforme), Curvularia lunata (C. lunata), and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotiana (P. p. var. nicotianae) using the mycelium growth rate method. Among the synthesized indole derivatives, compound 2j showed the highest inhibition rates of 100%, 95.7%, 89%, and 76.5% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL against F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F.moniliforme, and P. p. var. nicotianae, respectively. Similarly, compounds 2j and 2q exhibited higher inhibition rates of 81.9% and 83.7% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL against C. lunata. In addition, compound 2j has been recognized as a potential compound for further investigation in the field of fungicides.

A new method for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated tertiary alcohols bearing coumarins is described. The reaction of 3-(trifluoroacetyl)coumarin and pyrrole provided the target compounds with high yields under catalyst-free, mild conditions. The crystal structure of compound 3fa was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The biological activities, such as in vitro antifungal activity of the α-trifluoromethylated tertiary alcohols against Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae, were investigated. The bioassay results indicated that compounds 3ad, 3gd, and 3hd showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. Compound 3cd exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, with an EC₅₀ value of 10.9 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of commercial fungicidal triadimefon (EC₅₀ = 6.1 μg/mL). Furthermore, molecular docking study suggested that 3cd had high binding affinities with 1W9U, like argifin.

Compounds containing a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton exhibit broad-spectrum biological activity, particularly in the fields of antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties in medicine. In this study, a series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing morpholine group were designed and synthesized. Their structures were identified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HRMS and X-ray single crystal diffraction, and their antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was evaluated. The results of cell-based assays revealed that some target compounds possessed excellent antiviral effect against PRV and VSV. Compounds 10ce (SI: 30.82 against PRV, 16.19 against VSV) and 10de (SI: 10.26 against PRV, 13.22 against VSV) exhibited excellent antiviral activity, with significantly higher selectivity indices compared to other derivatives. Further investigations revealed that both compounds effectively inhibited the viral progeny titers of both PRV and VSV. This antiviral activity was corroborated by Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses, which demonstrated significant downregulation of the corresponding viral proteins and their associated genes. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that compounds 10ce and 10de bound to the active site of PIKfyve with binding energies of -11.2 kcal/mol and -11.4 kcal/mol, respectively, forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. These findings suggest that their antiviral effects may be mediated through interactions with PIKfyve. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays showed that the CC50 values of compounds 10ce and 10de were 47.77 μM and 46.39 μM, respectively, indicating their relatively high safety profiles. These results suggest that 1,3,5-triazine-based compounds are highly promising candidate drugs worthy of further development.

A Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with β-(trifluoroacetyl)coumarins catalyzed by Sc(OTf)₃ to afford 1-(β-coumarinyl)-1-(β-indolyl)trifluoroethanols in a short time and high yield was developed.

3 kinds of quinazoline derivatives and 5 kinds pyrrolo[3,2- d ]pyrimidine derivatives targeting TLR7 were synthesized. The antiviral efficacy of these compounds was evaluated  in vitro and in vivo .

A novel C–N coupling of arylamines with dialkyl azodicarboxylates under metal-free conditions for the rapid assembly of carbamates has been achieved. The synthetic application of products was exemplified by several intriguing chemical operations.