Variability in snake venom composition is well-documented and crucial for understanding snake ecology and predicting snakebites. In this study, we characterize the venom composition and biological activities of newborn female and male Bothrops moojeni and their mother. Our results reveal significant differences between the venom of newborn females and males, demonstrating a broad and diverse range of proteins. The venoms of newborn females showed higher serine protease effects, increased hemorrhagic activity, and greater lethality compared to the venom of newborn males. However, no differences were observed in phospholipase A₂ and coagulant activity. The differences in protein composition and toxic activities between maternal and neonatal venom, as well as between the venoms of newborn females and males, contribute to understanding the diverse outcomes of snakebites. These results underscore the importance of considering sex and ontogeny in understanding venom composition in snakes.

The serpent study involves physiological, behavioral and interaction factors with an extremely dynamic and complex environment. The relation of these animals with biodiversity is still quite preliminary, little studied and sustained by popular practices related to traditional medicine, esoteric and mystical currents. Therefore, this study proposed to know about the effect of 80% crude alcoholic extract of Petiveria alliacea L., popularly known as Tipi Herb, and its effects associated with the repellency of the Bothrops moojeni serpent. A complex of boxes was built for the observation of the snake's displacement, carried out for a total period of six days, the first three for defining the exploratory pattern and the other two for testing the alcoholic extract of Tipi, and finally on the sixth day, one cycle with the presence of a live attractant as bait. It was observed that the animal had no inhibition behavior and moved through the complex in a way like what occurs in nature and showed behavior to avoid remaining in the presence of the extract both with the presence of a live attractant or without it, preferring to move in the other compartments. The results show that this proposed tool is valid for the study of displacement of Bothrops moojeni snakes, in the same way that it added values on the importance of cerrado biome biodiversity and on the popular medicine practices of Tipi Herb, since the repellent effect on the snake was significant in the two tests performed.

Flavonoids are a structurally diverse class of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds widely recognized for their pleiotropic biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In oncology, these compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate key signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, highlighting their potential as multitarget therapeutic agents. However, their clinical translation remains significantly limited by unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as poor aqueous solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, rapid systemic clearance, and consequently low oral bioavailability. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of current nanocarrier-based delivery systems for flavonoids, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions), micelles, and cyclodextrin complexes, emphasizing their role in improving drug stability, enhancing cellular uptake, and enabling targeted delivery to tumor tissues through both passive mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and active targeting approaches. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the superior antitumor efficacy of nanoencapsulated flavonoids compared to free compounds are discussed. Finally, the major translational challenges, safety considerations, and future perspectives for the clinical application of flavonoid-based nanomedicines in cancer therapy are highlighted.

O consumo de medicamentos impróprios pode ser importante na ocorrência de eventos adversos e gerar prejuízos a saúde dos pacientes. São percebidos que fatores internos e externos, físicos e químicos, possuem capacidade de influenciar na estabilidade dos constituintes e podem mudar a natureza dos desfechos clínicos mediante utilização destes medicamentos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo levantar na literatura sobre as modificações na constituição dos fármacos ao longo do prazo de validade. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura onde foram realizadas buscas de artigos científicos em bancos eletrônicos da SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE com palavras chaves concordantes com o DECs. O prazo de validade dos medicamentos é determinado mediante avaliações técnicas e obediência a regulamentos sanitários onde é assegurado que o fármaco está adequado para consumo humano. Após esse período ou desrespeitando essas orientações, é possível que ocorram alterações nas suas constituições que podem provocar intoxicações ou levar a intoxicações como da NET e Sindrome e Steven Jhonson. O consumo medicamentos em condições improprias, ou expirados, têm capacidade de potencializar riscos à saúde e podem promover desfechos sequelantes e letais. Por isso são necessárias medidas e vigilância para o controle da qualidade, da validade, das condições de armazenamento e consumo dos medicamentos.