A three-parameter sensor based on a point-by-point fiber Bragg grating (PBP-FBG) is proposed. The fabricated sensor is 40 mm long. The spectrum loss at 1336.15 nm is selected to measure the surrounding liquid level. The sensitivity for liquid level sensing is −0.046 dB/mm. The temperature is measured using the Bragg dip shifts with sensitivity of 10.06 pm/ °C. The cut-off mode shift is used to measure the surrounding refractive index with sensitivity of 535.14 nm/RIU. As a benefit of femtosecond laser direct inscription fabrication, the grating length is controllable and the liquid level sensing range is expandable. This sensor provides a simple, reliable method for accurate liquid level, temperature and refractive index measurements in hazardous environments.

In the 5^th generation mobile communication (5G) system, it is required to provide three different types of services, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).To meet all those demand in 5G, the waveform is crucial. Although the CP-OFDM waveform has been wildly used in 4G, it is hardly to satisfy the requirements of 5G.A lot of candidate waveforms are discussed for 5G system, including UFMC, FBMC, F-OFDM etc. In this paper, the UFMC waveform is discussed, the different filters and different frequency width of the subband in UFMC system are studied and appropriate parameters for the system are recommended.

For aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), inhibiting side reactions is the key to enhance the stability. Particularly, the issues of uneven deposition and hydrogen evolution reaction have attracted intensive attention. We propose to construct an In–Zn interface layer between the separator and anode to induce uniform deposition of metallic zinc. Being different from the traditional direct deposition method, we firstly sputter indium zinc oxide (IZO, In ₂ O ₃ :ZnO = 9:1 wt.%) that demonstrates superior zincophilicity on the separator surface as an activator. Then, the activator is reduced to indium during cycling and merges with the anode, in situ forming an In–Zn interface layer. The In–Zn interface layer accelerates the transport of Zn ²⁺ , facilitates the nucleation/growth of zinc. Meanwhile, the potential of hydrogen release is reduced from −0.051 to −0.077 V. For symmetrical cells (Zn(OTf) ₂ electrolyte), a lifespan of over 5000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm ⁻² is achieved. For V ₆ O ₁₃ ‐Zn full cells, a capacity of 311.77 mAh g ⁻¹ at 2 A g ⁻¹ is obtained, and the capacity retention reaches 80.72% after 6000 cycles (413.17 mAh g ⁻¹ at 0.1 A g ⁻¹ , 82.24% after 633 cycles). Notably, this strategy is universal and also works for AZIBs using ZnSO ₄ electrolyte and other cathodes.

The experiment is carried out to investigate the motion responses of the tunnel element in the immersion under wave actions and the tensions acting on the controlling cables of its immersing system. The CCD camera is utilized in the experiment to record the motion displacements of the tunnel element during its interaction with waves. The time series of motion responses, i.e. sway, heave and roll of the tunnel element and cable tensions are presented. The results of motion responses of the tunnel element against relative wave height H/h, relative width B/L and relative immersing depth d/h are given. Furthermore, the measured cable tensions are analyzed and the phase relation between waves and cable tensions is also discussed.

The influences of reef porosity on wave propagation over coral reef are studied by two-dimensional laboratory experiments. Detailed measurements of wave height and set-up over the reef are carried out under various particle sizes of porous media and incident wave conditions. A comparison of hydrodynamic characteristics between the porous reef and the solid reef is conducted. Based on Gourlay’s [1] model, a dimensionless analysis is conducted to describe the relationship between incident wave conditions and wave set-up over the porous reef.