”End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is the ultimate goal and crucial element of the world’s SDGs 2030 transformative agendas, as well as in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has hindered Indonesia from achieving its SDGs targets and reducing poverty, including rural poverty. The village funds policy sourced from the state budget is one of the policies that aims to alleviate rural poverty; thus, there will be a reduction of disadvantageous villages and an enhancement of self-sustained villages in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the impact of village funds on the improvement and autonomy status of villages in Indonesia. It utilizes a quantitative method, namely linear regression of panel data using the Village Building Index (VBI) as the dependent variable and village funds as the independent variable over 2018-2021 in each regency/city in Indonesia. The result suggests that the village fund policy, through the 10% allocation of the state budget, has a positive and significant effect on changes in the improvement and autonomy status of the villages in Indonesia. The finding using the model (lin-log) tells us that a 1% increase in village funds will raise the VBI by 0.0013. This indicates that the village funds policy has contributed to the achievement of rural poverty alleviation goals, or it could be a pro-poor policy in order to achieve the purpose of the 1st SDGs goal. Keywords: SDGs, poverty, village funds policy, improvement and autonomy status of villages

Ease of doing business is a pillar of a nation's development. Creating fast, easy, transparent, accountable, and integrated business registration licensing services requires the collaboration of actors across sectors and government levels. This study aims to explain how actor collaboration in business licensing is integrated with the Land Use Framework in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results showed that integrated business licensing is a collaborative process between actors from various government institutions, both central and regional. This collaboration is shown through integrating the Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system with the spatial system, as well as the active role of actors in synchronizing licensing and spatial utilization. However, implementing this policy faces challenges in the form of a sectoral ego, limited capacity, and unoptimal coordination between actors. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen collaborative governance through role clarity, capacity building, and coordination between actors. These findings provide implications for formulating business licensing policies in Indonesia to be more adaptive to spatial dynamics and the needs of business actors.

The Tau Taa Vana people live in the Bulang Highlands, Tojo Una-Una, in Central Sulawesi Province. The region's development has shaped the marginalization of forest-dwelling and forest-adjacent communities. From the 1980s to the 1990s, illegal logging networks served as the power holders, backed by Indonesia’s authoritarian regime of that time. Illegal logging destroyed a large part of the Tau Taa Vana's sacred forest (pengale kapali). As part of the massive logging agenda, the government launched many legal programs that further isolated the Tau Taa Vana people from their land. The first program was transmigration in 1995-1998, which converted sacred forests into plantation areas and worker camps. Meanwhile, the Tau Taa Vana people were forced to relocate from their forest livelihoods (pengale lipu). In 2014, development shifted towards government-supported gold and nickel extraction identified in the Tau Taa Vana people's traditional regions. The government's planned material extraction of the region has forced the Tau Taa Vana people to adapt traditional environmental management systems. In the past, the forest had three main functions, as the source of food, medicine, and livelihoods. Nowadays, those functions are reduced drastically and the sacred forest with the Kaju Marangka'a region as the center has lost its cultural importance. Tau Taa Vana people today use the remaining forests as the center of their resistance movements and consider it as their last bastion for cultural preservation. In this regard, the role of traditional healers (tau valia) has become even more critical amidst the lack of traditional elders.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana (isi dan proses) dan mengapa perubahan kebijakan pendapatan desa yang bersumber dari alokasi APBN (Dana Desa) pada masa Reformasi (1999-2015) terjadi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumentasi dan wawancara semi terstuktur, teknik analisis data melalui teknik análisis isi dan teknik analisis interaktif, dan validitas data melalui strategi triangulasi dengan sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan pendapatan desa yang bersumber dari alokasi APBN pada masa Reformasi (1999-2015) terjadi pada tingkat perubahan ketiga (perubahan paradigma kebijakan) dari rezim pemerintahan Presiden B.J Habibie dan Presiden Megawati Soekarno Putri melalui konsep bantuan pemerintah dari APBN dengan asas desentralisasi dan keanekaragaman ke rezim pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dengan konsep alokasi 10% dari APBN dengan asas rekognisi dan subsidiaritas. Alasan perubahan kebijakan tersebut antara lain karena adanya: (1) perubahan ide dan kepentingan dari rezim pemerintahan yang berkuasa, (2) peran lembaga pemerintah yaitu Kementrian Dalam Negeri dan DPR sebagai arena instrumen kebijakan, (3) peran individu yaitu Menteri Dalam Negeri, Ketua Panitia Khusus RUU Desa, Ketua Panitia Kerja RUU Desa, dan para staf ahli dari luar DPR sebagai agen utama perubahan kebijakan dan (4) waktu (periode) kejadian mulai dari masa awal reformasi (tahun 1999) hingga tahun 2014 sebagai elemen kunci proses perubahan kebijakan. ABSTRACT This study aims to examine how (contents and processes) and why to change the village income policy sourced from the APBN allocation (at the Reform Fund) during the Reformation (1999-2015). The research method used is qualitative approach and descriptive research type with data technique and semi structured study, data analysis technique through content analysis and interactive analysis, and data validity through triangulation strategy with data source. The result of the research indicates that the change of village income policy which comes from the allocation of APBN during the Reformation period (1999-2015) occurred at the third level of change (change of policy paradigm) from the government regime of President BJ Habibie and President Megawati Soekarno Putri through the concept of government assistance from APBN with the principle of decentralization and diversity to the government regime of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono with the concept of allocation of 10% of APBN with the principle of recognition and subsidiarity. The reasons for this policy change are: (1) change of ideas and interests of the ruling government regime, (2) the role of government institutions, namely the Ministry of Home Affairs and the House of Representatives as the policy instrument arena, (3) the individual roles of the Minister of Home Affairs, The Special Committee of the Village Bill, the Chairman of the Village Bills Working Committee, and the outside expert staff of the House of Representatives as the main agents of policy change and (4) the time (period) of events from the beginning of the reform period (1999) to 2014 as key elements of the policy change process .

Digital competency studies in rural areas have developed rapidly over the past few years, especially since the COVID-19 Pandemic. However, systematic literature reviews in exploring the development of knowledge bases about digital competence in rural areas are still limited. This research aims to overview digital competency studies in rural areas by applying Scopus data-based bibliometric analysis and visual analysis with VOS viewer. The results showed that this Study first appeared in 2011 and reached its peak in 2021. The domain of knowledge is the subject area of social science and the research topics are “e-learning”; “covid-19”; “online learning”; “higher education”; “rural education”; and “rural residents”. This research found the development of the knowledge base of digital competency studies in rural areas both conceptually and empirically. This research contributes to developing future conceptual studies (the development concepts and models of digital competence) and empirical focus studies (digital innovation, technology adoption; digital learning; and others), and locus studies in Developing Countries; High Income, Lower Middle Income, and Low-Income Countries in various regions

Comparative Discourse of Smart City and Smart Village in Asia, Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan