Bovine breeding began in Peru more than five centuries ago; since then, adaptation has started. Nowadays, Creole cattle are part of economic activities of Peruvian farmers, as they supply food and profits, among other things, for families in Andean region. Creole cattle have many strengths such as resistance to diseases, low nutrient requirements and easy adaptation to different levels of altitude and environmental conditions. However, even with all these attributes, they are not valued within production systems. Moreover, these valuable genetic resources are disappearing gradually in Perú. For this reason, this study aims to characterize the zoometry of Creole cows from the Southern Amazonas region of Peru. Biotype classification was performed by hierarchical cluster and multivariate factors analysis. Qualitative traits were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Duncan’s test (α = 0.05) was used to compare means among groups. Associations between qualitative traits were determined with Chi-square. We distinguished three biotypes of Creole cows with characteristics for meat and milk production. This information is helpful for future conservation programs for Creole cattle.

This study aimed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF) from Fleckvieh cattle production systems in the Amazon region of Peru. Ten farms distributed across four provinces: Chachapoyas (System I; n = 2), Bongara (System II; n = 4), Rodriguez de Mendoza (System III; n = 2), and Utcubamba (System IV; n = 2) were assessed. Parameters such as average live weight, animal units (AU), dry matter intake, fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM), digestibility, and protein content of consumed forage were analyzed. CF was calculated using the 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC guidelines. The database was analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s statistical test (p < 0.05) to compare the systems. A Pearson correlation was carried out to observe the variables association level. Results revealed a CF of 2.50, 2.70 and 2.65 kg CO₂eq/kg FPCM by biophysical allocation, according to Global Warming Potential 2007, 2014 and 2021, respectively. Enteric methane (82.6%) and nitrous oxide from manure management (17.2%) were the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Positive correlations were found between methane and nitrous oxide emissions whit total FPCM (r = 0.94), total AU (r = 0.99), and low-producing animals (r = 0.96). System I exhibited the lowest enteric methane emissions, suggesting better livestock and feed management. The study highlights the need to optimize herd composition, increase production levels, and reduce low-producing animals to mitigate CF. Additionally, improving forage quality (increasing the digestibility) enhances milk production, securing the economic well-being of smallholder farmers and agricultural sustainability in the Amazon region.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are variations of a single nucleotide base pair and can be associated to phenotypic characteristics. This study aimed to determine the association of CAPN1 and CAST gene polymorphisms with the tenderness of Creole cattle meat from the Amazonas region, Peru. The texture profile (adhesiveness, cohesiveness, Warner-Bratzler shear force, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness) of 100 animals was determined in 100 g of Longissimus dorsi et lumborum muscle. Allelic frequencies, genotypic frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of calpain (CAPN-316, CAPN-530) and calpastatin (CAST-2959) gene polymorphisms were studied. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated, as well as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the Chi-square test. The texture profile of each group of samples corresponding to a polymorphism was compared with the Duncan’s test and the t-test for independent samples (p < 0.05). Genotypic frequencies were 78 % GG and 22 % CC for CAPN-316; 68 % GG, 5 % GA, and 27 % AA for CAPN-530; and 74 % AA, 18 % AG, and 8 % GG for CAST-2959. The CAPN-316, CAPN-530, and CAST-2959 polymorphisms were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CC genotype of CAPN-316 marker influences meat tenderness on day 21 of meat aging. In contrast, the GG genotype of CAST-2959 marker affects meat tenderness at days 14 and 21 of meat aging concerning the other genotypes.

La Leucosis bovina es causado por un virus de alta morbilidad y baja mortalidad, esta enfermedad afecta directamente al sistema inmune de los hospederos, que provoca una inmunosupresión favoreciendo la replicación de otros agentes patógenos que afectan a nivel productivo y reproductivo en los animales. El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia del virus de Leucosis Bovina (BLV del ingles Bovine Leukosis virus) a través de la metodología de diagnóstico por serología (ELISA), donde se recolectaron 78 muestras de sangre a bovinos en establos lecheros de Chachapoyas y Pomacochas. Se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 14.1%, siendo el establo de Pomacochas quien presento mayor seropositividad (11.3%), sin embargo, la presencia de la enfermedad no tiene relación directa con el sexo, edad, raza o procedencia del animal. Además, con los datos obtenidos se mantiene alerta la presencia del virus con el fin de realizar un programa de prevención y control de la enfermedad en la región.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del cultivar y la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el rendimiento de materia seca (MS) y la composición nutricional de Pennisetum sp. comúnmente utilizado para la alimentación del ganado. Se analizó la proteína cruda (PC), cenizas (As), fibra cruda (FC), fibra detergente neutra y ácida (FDN, FDA), digestibilidad in vitro (DIV) y energía bruta (EB) sobre la MS. Los datos se recolectaron los días 30, 45, 60, 75 y 90 después de un corte uniforme. Se aplicó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con un arreglo factorial 3x2 que consta de tres cultivares (CT 115, Cuba 22, Cuba 51) y dos fertilizaciones (con y sin fertilizante) (seis tratamientos con tres repeticiones cada uno). El tipo de cultivar influyó significativamente en el rendimiento de materia seca y la composición nutricional de Pennisetum sp., mientras que los niveles de fertilización nitrogenada no tuvieron efecto sobre las variables evaluadas. CT 115 mostró un mayor rendimiento de MS. La PC se mantuvo similar entre cultivares del día 30 al 60, con un aumento el día 75 en Cuba 51. El contenido de cenizas de CT 115 fue mayor. El contenido de FC aumentó en Cuba 22 del día 45 al 75 y fue más alto en CT 115 el día 90. Las diferencias en FDN solo se observaron el día 90, con niveles más bajos encontrados en Cuba 51 y CT 115. Sin embargo, FDA fue más alto en Cuba 51 el día 30 y en Cuba 22 los días 75 y 90. El cultivar Cuba 51 exhibió mayor DIV y EB en los días 60, 75 y 90 en comparación con los otros dos cultivares. DIV mostró una correlación positiva con MS, fibra y EB y una correlación negativa con fibra detergente. Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial de Cuba 51 para mejorar el desarrollo ganadero en la región de Amazonas.