Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker, its diagnostic and prognostic limitations necessitate the identification of novel markers. Urotensin-2 (UT-2), a potent vasoactive peptide, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but its role in prostate cancer remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate plasma UT-2 levels across disease stages in PCa and assess its potential as a biomarker for metastatic disease. This cross-sectional study included 147 male patients: 100 with metastatic PCa and 47 controls (comprising benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], localized, and locally advanced PCa). Plasma UT-2 levels were quantified using ELISA. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess UT-2’s discriminative ability and its correlation with clinical parameters such as Gleason score, ISUP grade, and PSA. UT-2 levels were significantly elevated in metastatic PCa patients (mean: 2.03 ± 0.91 ng/mL) compared to control groups (BPH: 1.42 ± 0.61 ng/mL; localized: 1.46 ± 0.71 ng/mL; locally advanced: 1.41 ± 0.76 ng/mL; P = .002). ROC analysis demonstrated a moderate discriminatory ability for metastasis (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61–0.79), with a cutoff of 1.269 ng/mL yielding 81% sensitivity and 53% specificity. No significant associations were observed between UT-2 levels and Gleason score, ISUP grade, PSA levels, or metastatic site. This is the first clinical study to evaluate plasma UT-2 levels in PCa patients. Elevated UT-2 levels in metastatic cases, independent of traditional prognostic markers, suggest its potential utility in identifying systemic disease burden. While not suitable as a standalone diagnostic tool, UT-2 may serve as a complementary biomarker within a multiparameter panel to improve prognostication and risk stratification in PCa. Further prospective and longitudinal studies are warranted to validate its prognostic significance.

This study examined the effects of regorafenib (Reg) on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who underwent targeted treatment and chemotherapy. Reg was administered as a third-line treatment to 84 patients who had undergone 2 rounds of chemotherapy and targeted therapy and subsequently experienced progression. Treatment was initiated with a daily dose of 80 or 120 mg, based on the patient’s ability to tolerate the medication, which was increased to 160 mg/day. The median PFS with Reg was 4 ± 0.2 months, while the median OS was 9 ± 1.2 months. When compared to patients who started Reg treatment at 80 mg, patients starting at 160 mg had longer median PFS and OS (PFS:6 ± 2.1 months vs 4 ± 0.2 months; P = .05; OS:13 ± 0.7 months vs 6 ± 1.3 months; P = .069). Patients with right-sided colon cancer who received Reg as third-line therapy had a significantly longer mPFS than those with left-sided colon cancer (8 months ± 4 vs 4 months ± 0.3, P = .039). Patients with KRAS mutations had a prolonged mPFS than those with panRAS-wild type (6 ± 1.6 months vs 4 ± 0.3 months, P = .06). The mPFS contribution in the BRAF mutant subgroup with poor prognosis is promising, as it is similar to that of patients without BRAF mutations (4 months ± 0.8 × 4 months ± 0.5, P = .74). The most common AEs reported were elevated liver enzyme levels and dermatological toxicities.

Background/Objectives: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is widely used in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer; however, outcomes vary, and reliable prognostic markers remain limited. We developed the CALA index as a composite biomarker integrating CA15-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the CALA index in metastatic breast cancer treated with T-DM1. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 168 patients treated with T-DM1 across four tertiary centers. The CALA index was calculated using pretreatment levels of CA15-3, LDH, and albumin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff value, and patients were stratified into groups accordingly. Survival outcomes and independent risk factors were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 26 months (95% CI: 21.3–30.7). ROC analysis identified an optimal CALA cutoff value of 118.3. Patients with CALA ≤ 118.3 demonstrated significantly longer OS compared with those with CALA > 118.3 (log-rank p = 0.006), with 1- and 3-year OS rates of 81.2% and 43.2% versus 69.8% and 22.7%, respectively. In univariate analysis, CALA > 118.3 was associated with worse OS (HR: 1.699; 95% CI: 1.151–2.506; p = 0.008), and this association remained significant in multivariate analysis (HR: 1.671; 95% CI: 1.088–2.565; p = 0.019). Conclusions: The CALA index was associated with overall survival in metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab emtansine and may serve as a practical tool for risk stratification.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the STRIDE regimen (durvalumab plus tremelimumab) has demonstrated an overall survival benefit in clinical trials, real-world evidence remains limited, particularly in Turkish clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-line STRIDE therapy in patients with unresectable HCC treated in routine clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including patients with unresectable HCC who received first-line durvalumab plus tremelimumab through the Turkish national Early Access Program across 18 oncology centers. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and exploratory Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate baseline prognostic factors. Results: Thirty-two patients were included. The median PFS was 7.25 months (95% CI, 3.68–22.29), and the median OS was 11.43 months (95% CI, 4.50–not reached). The underlying liver disease etiology was non-viral in 53.1% of patients, hepatitis B virus in 40.6%, and hepatitis C virus in 6.3%. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in fewer than 10% of patients. Conclusions: In this multicenter real-world cohort, first-line durvalumab plus tremelimumab appeared to be a feasible treatment option and was generally well tolerated in patients with unresectable HCC. However, given the retrospective design, small sample size, and absence of a control group, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in larger prospective comparative studies.

Backround:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common neoplasm to cause death. First line treatment options are still challenging for HCC. STRIDE regimen (durvalumab/tremelimumab) showed improved median overall survival (OS) rates however did not make differ significantly in median progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Method:We reviewed outcomes of patients with HCC who initiated durval-umab/tremelimumab between 2020 and 2024, across 18 institutions. OS and PFS were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox models, adjusting for baseline characteris-tics. Results: A total of 32 patients were included in the study. Median PFS was was 7,25 months (%95 confidence interval (CI) 3,68-22,29) and the median OS was 11,43 months (%95 CI 4,5-NA). Non-viral, HBV and HCV constituted to etiology was re-spectively %53,1, %40,6 and %6,3 of patients. Grade ≥ 3 advers events were found less than %10 of populations. Conclusions: This real world retrospective study showed that STRIDE regimen was effective and safety for HCC in first line.