Health-related lifestyles in young adults are a public health concern because they affect the risk for developing noncommunicable diseases. Although unhealthy lifestyles tend to cluster together, most studies have analyzed their effects as independent factors. This study assessed the prevalence, association, and clustering of health-related lifestyles (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and quality of diet) among university students. This cross-sectional study examined a sample of student participants from the University of the Balearic Islands (n = 444; 67.8% females; mean age: 23.1 years). A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess health-related lifestyles. Men that consumed more alcohol, had less healthy diets, were more likely to be overweight, and performed more physical activity. Women had a higher prevalence of low weight and performed less physical activity. Physical activity had a negative association with time using a computer (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95) and a positive association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet had a negative association with tobacco consumption (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.91), and positive associations with having breakfast every day (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.76) and consuming more daily meals (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.87). Cluster analysis indicated the presence of three distinct groups: Unhealthy lifestyles with moderate risk; unhealthy lifestyles with high risk; and healthy lifestyles with low risk. Health promotion interventions in the university environment that focus on multiple lifestyles could have a greater effect than interventions that target any single lifestyle.

Este artículo informa de los resultados del estudio de enfoque mixto sobre el acceso, consumo y consecuencias de la nueva pornografía, entre adolescentes. El fundamento previo se basa en una revisión internacional sobre las investigaciones desarrolladas en los últimos 10 años, constatando la relevancia del consumo de pornografía en la estructuración del imaginario sexual en la adolescencia, sobre la base de los impactos sobre la percepción distorsionada de la sexualidad. la influencia sobre las actitudes y las consecuencias sobre la conducta, en especial de quienes consumen de manera regular. Se realizó con alumnado de secundaria obligatoria y postobligatoria de Baleares (13-18 años), con una muestra estadísticamente representativa (N=3.629), equilibrada por sexo, grupos de edad y áreas territoriales. El método incluye dos encuestas semiestructuradas, al alumnado y a sus familias, basadas en encuestas sociológicas probadas, así como en instrumentos calibrados para evaluar el consumo problemático. También se realizaron grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad con personas expertas de toda España. Los resultados principales son los siguientes: las edades de acceso son inferiores a los 10 años para un 20%, con una normalización del hábito de consumo en torno a los 13 años. Se han igualado prácticamente las edades de acceso por sexo, pero la frecuencia e intensidad de consumo sigue siendo significativamente diferente por sexo. El tipo de pornografía que consumen es básicamente hardcore, es decir, presenta violencia sexual. Las motivaciones del consumo se centran en la respuesta a la curiosidad sexual, la búsqueda de orientación de conducta y el estímulo para la masturbación, todo ello casi en ausencia de ofertas de educación afectiva y sexual adecuadas. El nivel de consumo problemático, con impacto sobre el bienestar subjetivo (estados de ansiedad, dependencia conductual del consumo, etc.) afecta a un 16.5% de la muestra, con diferencia significativa por sexo.

The rise in the use of new pornography and widespread increase in Internet access represents an unprecedented scenario in interpersonal relationships in young people. This study is pioneering as it focuses on a large scale of perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours in relation to new pornography use and its impact on interpersonal relationships. The main objective was to explore and describe – with a web-based survey – perceptions, opinions, and profiles regarding pornography use and interpersonal relationships. The survey was administered to 2,457 young people aged between 16 and 29 years from representative areas of Spain. The results obtained reveal that the first accesses to pornography occur at an early age (eight years), and the Internet and pornography were shown to be substitutes for affective sexual education, clearly influencing perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of adolescents and young people and increasing risk behaviours. It is concluded that affective sexual education should be improved, and the involvement of different agents of socialisation must be monitored. Keywords: New pornography, youth, interpersonal relationships, sex education, consumption.

Pornography use is a common practice in adolescents and has been observed to be more prevalent in males. There are different consequences associated with pornography use and problematic use that may present differently among males and females. The interplay between these factors remains underexplored. Using network analysis (a novel model of growing interest), this study examined the interrelationships between variables linked to PPU (such as victimization, sexual double standards, loneliness, family relationships, and risky sexual behaviors) in a Spanish sample of N = 650 adolescents. The analysis focused on identifying central variables and differences between sexes. Males demonstrated higher levels of intentional pornography use and PPU, with sexual pleasure as a central node in their network. PPU in males was associated with more sexist models of sexuality. For females, online victimization and loneliness emerged as key factors, highlighting their vulnerability to digital harm. Both sexes shared a cluster of PPU-related factors, including conflict, mood modification, relapse, and withdrawal, which were more pronounced in males. These findings highlight the potential of network analysis in the study of PPU in adolescents and its possible effects, providing information for an in-depth understanding of the differences between the sexes. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of developing gender-sensitive prevention and intervention strategies to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of males and females.

Purpose: This study offers a response to certain recent doubts that have been cast on universal programs' preventive capacity. The main objective of this paper is to review effective universal family programs in order to carry out a cultural adaptation of SFP 10-14 for the Spanish population. Method: For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted of different databases and evidence-based practices. An analysis was made of the methodologies used in the identified programs, based on standardized criteria. A risk of bias assessment was performed. Results/Discussion: Nineteen studies were identified that report findings on the prevention of substance use, relating to 7 universal family-based prevention programs. Positive outcomes have been achieved by universal family-based substance prevention programs reported in studies with good methodological groundings. Universal prevention programs have become a key preventive tool in social contexts.

Introducción: El 14 de marzo de 2020, el Gobierno Español, declaró el estado de alarma para afrontar la situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por la rápida evolución de la pandemia de COVID-19. El mayor impacto de las restricciones aplicadas por la falta de contacto con los principales ámbitos de socialización se ha dado sobre la infancia y la adolescencia. El incremento en de las tasas de violencia familiar y del consumo abusivo del juego o de la pornografía evidencian la necesidad de reforzar las medidas de prevención familiar. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de las principales medidas de prevención familiar aplicadas en España. Se clasifican según los niveles de prevención (primario/educativo-secundario/socio-educativo-terciario/psicológico) y se proponen medidas complementarias identificadas en el ámbito internacional. Resultados: gran parte de las medidas de prevención españolas son de carácter terciario. El apoyo psicológico telefónico fue la medida mayormente aplicada en las diferentes autonomías del estado español. Discusión: a pesar de los riesgos emergentes en los hogares españoles durante el confinamiento por COVID-19, no se identifican recursos para que las familias pudieran gestionar las dinámicas familiares cotidianas de manera efectiva. Conclusiones: se concluye la necesidad de facilitar recursos de prevención primaria de riesgos, orientados a mejorar la comunicación familiar y las competencias parentales con tal de reducir las tasas de violencia familiar y el uso inadecuado de las TIC por parte de niños/as y adolescentes.