This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
An optimization framework for global optimization of the cable layout topology for offshore wind farm (OWF) is presented. The framework designs and compares closed-loop and radial layouts for the collection system of OWFs. For the former, a two-stage stochastic optimization program based on a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed, while for the latter, a hop-indexed full binary model is used. The purpose of the framework is to provide a common base for assessing both designs economically, using the same underlying contingency treatment. A discrete Markov model is implemented for calculating the cable failure probability, useful for estimating the time under contingency for multiple power generation scenarios. The objective function supports simultaneous optimization of (i) initial investment (network topology and cable sizing), (ii) total electrical power loss costs and (iii) operation costs due to energy curtailment from cable failures. Constraints are added accounting for common engineering aspects. The applicability of the full method is demonstrated by tackling three differently sized real-world OWFs. Results show that (i) the profitability of either topology type depends strongly on the project size and wind turbine rating. Closed loop may be a competitive solution for large-scale projects where large amounts of energy are potentially curtailed. (ii) The stochastic model presents low tractability to tackle large-scale instances, increasing the required computing time and memory resources. (iii) Strategies must be adopted in order to apply stochastic optimization for modern OWFs, intending analytically or numerically simplification of mathematical models.
Juan‐Andrés Pérez‐Rúa; Sara Lumbreras; Andrés Ramos; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Reliability‐based topology optimization for offshore wind farm collection system. Wind Energy 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJuan‐Andrés Pérez‐Rúa, Sara Lumbreras, Andrés Ramos, Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Reliability‐based topology optimization for offshore wind farm collection system. Wind Energy. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan‐Andrés Pérez‐Rúa; Sara Lumbreras; Andrés Ramos; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. 2021. "Reliability‐based topology optimization for offshore wind farm collection system." Wind Energy , no. : 1.
Frequency support capability is becoming an important requirement for wind turbines, as wind power is increasingly integrated into power systems. In this paper, a frequency controller is implemented and validated. Such a controller allows wind turbines to help regulate the system frequency automatically and includes virtual inertia to help limit the rate of change of frequency. Compared with other methods, the controller achieves satisfactory frequency support capability with considerable simplicity. The controller is added to the grid-side converter controls, together with cascaded inner loops, which enables wind turbines to operate in grid-forming mode with overcurrent protection. The influence of the controller parameters on the frequency response is investigated.
Liang Lu; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Reduced-Order-VSM-Based Frequency Controller for Wind Turbines. Energies 2021, 14, 528 .
AMA StyleLiang Lu, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Reduced-Order-VSM-Based Frequency Controller for Wind Turbines. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Lu; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. 2021. "Reduced-Order-VSM-Based Frequency Controller for Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 3: 528.
In recent years, renewable energy sources have been integrated on a large scale in power systems all around the world to address the environmental sustainability concerns. With conventional thermal generators being phased out, large offshore wind power plants present a viable alternative to provide blackstart services for power system restoration. By means of simulations, grid‐forming wind turbines are shown to successfully energize the offshore transformer and the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) export link in a controlled manner, to ultimately supply onshore block load. Two methods for energizing the offshore network have been compared: the prevalent hard‐switching approach and the more complex soft‐start method. Additionally, control has been implemented to mitigate the significant transients in the export link associated with pre‐charging of the onshore converter. It is shown that soft‐start can provide faster energization with smaller transients compared to hard‐switching. Moreover, the sensitivity analyses performed in this study illustrate the impact of pre‐insertion resistor and voltage ramp‐up rates on transients during hard‐switching and soft‐start, respectively. The results presented also show that grid‐forming wind power plants can deal with controlled pre‐charging of the onshore converter from its DC terminals that is essential for the safe energization and operation of the export link.
Anubhav Jain; Oscar Saborío‐Romano; Jayachandra N. Sakamuri; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization. IET Renewable Power Generation 2021, 15, 127 -138.
AMA StyleAnubhav Jain, Oscar Saborío‐Romano, Jayachandra N. Sakamuri, Nicolaos A. Cutululis. Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2021; 15 (1):127-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnubhav Jain; Oscar Saborío‐Romano; Jayachandra N. Sakamuri; Nicolaos A. Cutululis. 2021. "Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization." IET Renewable Power Generation 15, no. 1: 127-138.
The demand for low carbon energy calls for close to 100% renewable power systems, with decarbonization of other energy sectors adding to the anticipated paradigm shift. Rising levels of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources (VIBRES) are prompting questions about how such systems will be planned and operated when variable renewable generation becomes the dominant technology. Here, we examine the implications of this paradigm shift with respect to planning, operation and system stability, also addressing the need for integration with other energy vectors, including heat, transport and Power-to-X. We highlight the knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for improved methods and models needed as power systems transform towards 100% VIBRES
Hannele Holttinen; Juha Kiviluoma; Damian Flynn; Charlie Smith; Antje Orths; Peter Borre Eriksen; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Lennart Soder; Magnus Korpas; Ana Estanqueiro; Jason Macdowell; Aidan Tuohy; Til Kristian Vrana; Mark O'Malley. System impact studies for near 100% renewable energy systems dominated by inverter based variable generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2020, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleHannele Holttinen, Juha Kiviluoma, Damian Flynn, Charlie Smith, Antje Orths, Peter Borre Eriksen, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, Lennart Soder, Magnus Korpas, Ana Estanqueiro, Jason Macdowell, Aidan Tuohy, Til Kristian Vrana, Mark O'Malley. System impact studies for near 100% renewable energy systems dominated by inverter based variable generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2020; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHannele Holttinen; Juha Kiviluoma; Damian Flynn; Charlie Smith; Antje Orths; Peter Borre Eriksen; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Lennart Soder; Magnus Korpas; Ana Estanqueiro; Jason Macdowell; Aidan Tuohy; Til Kristian Vrana; Mark O'Malley. 2020. "System impact studies for near 100% renewable energy systems dominated by inverter based variable generation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems PP, no. 99: 1-1.
Juan-Andrés Pérez-Rúa; Sara Lumbreras; Andrés Ramos; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Closed-Loop Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020, 1618, 1 .
AMA StyleJuan-Andrés Pérez-Rúa, Sara Lumbreras, Andrés Ramos, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Closed-Loop Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1618 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan-Andrés Pérez-Rúa; Sara Lumbreras; Andrés Ramos; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2020. "Closed-Loop Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1618, no. : 1.
Diode-rectifier-based high voltage dc (DR-HVdc) systems can be a promising low-cost solution for exporting wind power from remote offshore wind farms to onshore power systems. Industrializing the offshore DR-HVdc requires technical maturation, achievable through in-depth studies and pilot experiments. Deployment of offshore DR-HVdc systems may entail a fundamental change of control philosophy in wind turbine (WT) converters from grid-following control to grid-forming. This paper proposes a new grid-forming control for DR-connected offshore WT converters. The proposed controller uses two sequential control loops to regulate WTs' active power, and maintain the frequency and voltage of the offshore ac network. The first control regulates the active-power mismatch of each WT into a voltage angle deviation, which leads to a frequency change. The second control adjusts the WT's alternating voltage magnitude to counteract the frequency change. An internal current control loop is used to limit the fault current and eliminate high-frequency resonances in the system. The proposed control is verified by electromagnetic transient simulations, including fault-ride through, WTs power change, reactive power disturbance, and WTs outage.
Ali Bidadfar; Oscar Saborio-Romano; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Poul E. Sorensen. Control of Offshore Wind Turbines Connected to Diode-Rectifier-Based HVdc Systems. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2020, 12, 514 -523.
AMA StyleAli Bidadfar, Oscar Saborio-Romano, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, Poul E. Sorensen. Control of Offshore Wind Turbines Connected to Diode-Rectifier-Based HVdc Systems. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2020; 12 (1):514-523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Bidadfar; Oscar Saborio-Romano; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Poul E. Sorensen. 2020. "Control of Offshore Wind Turbines Connected to Diode-Rectifier-Based HVdc Systems." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 12, no. 1: 514-523.
Before diode rectifier (DR) technology for connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) to HVdc is deployed, in-depth studies are needed to assess the actual capabilities of DR-connected OWFs to contribute to the secure operation of the networks linked to them. This study assesses the capability of such an OWF to provide communication-less frequency support (CLFS) to an onshore ac network. It is shown that the HVdc link's offshore terminal direct voltage can be estimated from measurements at the OWF's point of connection with the DR platform. Two different methods are proposed for implementing CLFS in the OWF active power controls. In Method 1, the estimated offshore terminal direct voltage is used for estimating the onshore frequency deviation. In Method 2, the actual offshore terminal direct voltage measurement is used instead. Unique features of the provision of CLFS from OWFs connected to HVdc via DRs are highlighted, and the dynamic and static performance of the CLFS control scheme is compared to that of the communication-based frequency support scheme. To assess the impact of parameter estimation errors on the provision of CLFS, a parametric sensitivity study is presented as well, and recommendations are given to increase accuracy.
Oscar Saborio-Romano; Ali Bidadfar; Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri; Lorenzo Zeni; Omer Goksu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Communication-Less Frequency Support From Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2020, 12, 441 -450.
AMA StyleOscar Saborio-Romano, Ali Bidadfar, Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri, Lorenzo Zeni, Omer Goksu, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Communication-Less Frequency Support From Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2020; 12 (1):441-450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOscar Saborio-Romano; Ali Bidadfar; Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri; Lorenzo Zeni; Omer Goksu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2020. "Communication-Less Frequency Support From Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 12, no. 1: 441-450.
As installed wind generation capacities increase, there is a need to model variability in wind generation in detail to analyse its impacts on power systems. Utilization of meteorological reanalysis data and stochastic simulation are possible approaches for modelling this variability. In this paper, a combination of these two approaches is used to model wind generation variability. Parameters for the model are determined based on measured wind speed data. The model is used to simulate wind generation from the level of a single offshore wind power plant to the aggregate onshore wind generation of western Denmark. The simulations are compared to two years of generation measurements on 15 min resolution. The results indicate that the model, combining reanalysis data and stochastic simulation, can successfully model wind generation variability on different geographical aggregation levels on sub-hourly resolution. It is shown that the addition of stochastic simulation to reanalysis data is required when modelling offshore wind generation and when analysing onshore wind in small geographical regions.
Matti Koivisto; Guðrún Margrét Jónsdóttir; Poul Sørensen; Konstantinos Plakas; Nicolaos Cutululis. Combination of meteorological reanalysis data and stochastic simulation for modelling wind generation variability. Renewable Energy 2020, 159, 991 -999.
AMA StyleMatti Koivisto, Guðrún Margrét Jónsdóttir, Poul Sørensen, Konstantinos Plakas, Nicolaos Cutululis. Combination of meteorological reanalysis data and stochastic simulation for modelling wind generation variability. Renewable Energy. 2020; 159 ():991-999.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatti Koivisto; Guðrún Margrét Jónsdóttir; Poul Sørensen; Konstantinos Plakas; Nicolaos Cutululis. 2020. "Combination of meteorological reanalysis data and stochastic simulation for modelling wind generation variability." Renewable Energy 159, no. : 991-999.
The development of offshore wind farms depends on many technical and economic parameters, which requires an integrated planning approach. Some parameters can be controlled by the wind farm developer, and some are determined by the regulatory authorities. Others can be outside control of both. One aspect of optimizing wind farm development is overplanting, which represents the capacity optimization between installed generation capacity and transmission capacity, which allows for a minor share of energy curtailment to increase the overall value of the farm. Quantifying this value also depends on the regulatory framework, which is analyzed here by comparing United Kingdom and Danish conditions. Using a discounted cash flow model, we find that UK conditions are favorable to overplanting from the developer perspective, where the benefit of using the transmission cable more efficiently supports overplanting. In the Danish case, the private‐economic incentive to overplant is minor due to the constraint of linking subsidies to a certain energy output. On the other hand, when the cost of turbines declines relative to transmission system costs, overplanting tends to become more attractive. This is mostly the case when installing wind farms further offshore compared to projects closer to the coast, which has been exerted more and more exerted in the recent years. In a socioeconomic perspective, overplanting is also a viable method to optimize the wind farm technically and economically, if the cost of the additional turbines is less than the value of the additional generation that can be fed into the grid by the transmission line. This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Economics and Policy Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Christoph Wolter; Henrik Klinge Jacobsen; Lorenzo Zeni; Georgios Rogdakis; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Overplanting in offshore wind power plants in different regulatory regimes. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleChristoph Wolter, Henrik Klinge Jacobsen, Lorenzo Zeni, Georgios Rogdakis, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Overplanting in offshore wind power plants in different regulatory regimes. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. 2020; 9 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristoph Wolter; Henrik Klinge Jacobsen; Lorenzo Zeni; Georgios Rogdakis; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2020. "Overplanting in offshore wind power plants in different regulatory regimes." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 9, no. 3: 1.
Kaushik Das; Feng Guo; EdgarNu駉; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Frequency Stability of Power System with Large Share of Wind Power Under Storm Conditions. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020, 8, 219 -228.
AMA StyleKaushik Das, Feng Guo, EdgarNu駉, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Frequency Stability of Power System with Large Share of Wind Power Under Storm Conditions. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy. 2020; 8 (2):219-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaushik Das; Feng Guo; EdgarNu駉; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2020. "Frequency Stability of Power System with Large Share of Wind Power Under Storm Conditions." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 8, no. 2: 219-228.
A mathematical program for global optimization of the cable layout of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) is presented. The model consists on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Modern branch-and-cut solvers are able to solve large-scale instances, defined by more than hundred Wind Turbines (WTs), and a reasonable number of Offshore Substations (OSSs). In addition to the MILP model to optimize total cable length or initial investment, a pre-processing strategy is proposed in order to incorporate total electrical power losses into the objective function. High fidelity models are adapted to calculate cables current capacities, spatial currents. The MILP model is embedded in an iterative algorithmic framework, solving a sequence of problems with increasing search space size. The search space is defined as a set of underlying candidate arcs. The applicability of the method is illustrated through 10 case studies of real-world large-scale wind farms. Results show that: (i) feasible points are obtained in seconds, (ii) points with an imposed maximum tolerance near the global optimum are calculated in a reasonable computational time in the order of hours, and (iii) the proposed method compares favorably against state-of-the-art method available in literature.
Juan-Andres Perez-Rua; Mathias Stolpe; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Global Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2019, 35, 2256 -2267.
AMA StyleJuan-Andres Perez-Rua, Mathias Stolpe, Kaushik Das, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Global Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2019; 35 (3):2256-2267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan-Andres Perez-Rua; Mathias Stolpe; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Global Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Collection Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 35, no. 3: 2256-2267.
The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional power sources; therefore, the capacity value of wind power is smaller than that of conventional plants. This article presents an overview of the adequacy challenge, how wind power is handled in the regulation of capacity adequacy, and how wind power is treated in a selection of jurisdictions. The jurisdictions included in the overview are Sweden, Great Britain, France, Ireland, United States (PJM and ERCOT), Finland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.
Lennart Söder; Egill Tómasson; Ana Estanqueiro; Damian Flynn; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Juha Kiviluoma; Magnus Korpås; Emmanuel Neau; António Couto; Danny Pudjianto; Goran Strbac; Daniel Burke; Tomás Gómez; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Dirk Van Hertem; Hanspeter Höschle; Julia Matevosyan; Serafin von Roon; Enrico Maria Carlini; Mauro Caprabianca; Laurens de Vries. Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 119, 109540 .
AMA StyleLennart Söder, Egill Tómasson, Ana Estanqueiro, Damian Flynn, Bri-Mathias Hodge, Juha Kiviluoma, Magnus Korpås, Emmanuel Neau, António Couto, Danny Pudjianto, Goran Strbac, Daniel Burke, Tomás Gómez, Kaushik Das, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, Dirk Van Hertem, Hanspeter Höschle, Julia Matevosyan, Serafin von Roon, Enrico Maria Carlini, Mauro Caprabianca, Laurens de Vries. Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 119 ():109540.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLennart Söder; Egill Tómasson; Ana Estanqueiro; Damian Flynn; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Juha Kiviluoma; Magnus Korpås; Emmanuel Neau; António Couto; Danny Pudjianto; Goran Strbac; Daniel Burke; Tomás Gómez; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis; Dirk Van Hertem; Hanspeter Höschle; Julia Matevosyan; Serafin von Roon; Enrico Maria Carlini; Mauro Caprabianca; Laurens de Vries. 2019. "Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 119, no. : 109540.
Nowadays, wind is considered as a remarkable renewable energy source to be implemented in power systems. Most wind power plant experiences have been based on onshore installations, as they are considered as a mature technological solution by the electricity sector. However, future power scenarios and roadmaps promote offshore power plants as an alternative and additional power generation source, especially in some regions such as the North and Baltic seas. According to this framework, the present paper discusses and reviews trends and perspectives of offshore wind power plants for massive offshore wind power integration into future power systems. Different offshore trends, including turbine capacity, wind power plant capacity as well as water depth and distance from the shore, are discussed. In addition, electrical transmission high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) solutions are described by considering the advantages and technical limitations of these alternatives. Several future advancements focused on increasing the offshore wind energy capacity currently under analysis are also included in the paper.
Ana Fernández-Guillamón; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos A. Cutululis; Ángel Molina-García. Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 399 .
AMA StyleAna Fernández-Guillamón, Kaushik Das, Nicolaos A. Cutululis, Ángel Molina-García. Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (11):399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Fernández-Guillamón; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos A. Cutululis; Ángel Molina-García. 2019. "Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 11: 399.
Virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control has been put up and developing for the past ten years, but not much work has been done specially focusing on its application on wind turbines (WTs). This paper gives a thorough review of the work that has been done until now about application of VSM control on WTs. Aspects on control schemes, energy storage (ES), frequency and voltage control capabilities, different grid conditions etc. are summarized separately. Further research work in this field is emphasized.
Liang Lu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Virtual synchronous machine control for wind turbines: a review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1356, 012028 .
AMA StyleLiang Lu, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Virtual synchronous machine control for wind turbines: a review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1356 (1):012028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Lu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Virtual synchronous machine control for wind turbines: a review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1356, no. 1: 012028.
The scope of this paper is to review the hierarchical control architectures for offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) described in the state-of-art literature. A typical WPP control architecture consist of three levels: local wind turbine control level, WPP control level and control of group of WPPs. With more and more OWPPs development in close proximity and integration with the grid, future trends are favourable for large OWPP cluster formations, resulting in the growing need to better outline and interpret the WPP control strategies and propose means to establish coordination between the WPPs within large OWPP clusters. Coordination is essential for large WPP clusters to ensure the variable and stochastic wind power production does not adversely impact the overall grid stability and fulfil the requirement at PCC with optimised operation. Additionally, the paper also highlights the complexities associated with the hierarchical and coordinated control of large OWPPs and recommends ways to address them.
A Kavimandan; Kaushik Das; A D Hansen; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Hierarchy and complexity in control of large offshore wind power plant clusters. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1356, 012038 .
AMA StyleA Kavimandan, Kaushik Das, A D Hansen, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Hierarchy and complexity in control of large offshore wind power plant clusters. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1356 (1):012038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Kavimandan; Kaushik Das; A D Hansen; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Hierarchy and complexity in control of large offshore wind power plant clusters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1356, no. 1: 012038.
A parallel-based algorithmic framework for automated design of Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) collection systems is proposed in this paper. The framework consists basically on five algorithms executed simultaneously and independently, followed by a combined analysis aiming to generate the best results in terms of different objective functions. The main inputs of the framework are the location coordinates of the Wind Turbines (WT) and the Offshore Substation (OSS), wind power production time series, and the set cables considered for the collection system design. Four heuristics and one metaheuristic algorithm are considered. The heuristics are based on modified versions of well-known graph-theory algorithms: Kruskal (KR), Prim (PR), Esau-Williams (EW), and Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM); all of them coded in a unified framework with quartic time complexity. The metaheuristic is built upon a Genetic Algorithm (GA) designed using a hierarchical-restricted penalization system. Comparisons between all of these methods are performed from different perspectives, taking into consideration the particular constraints treated for OWF practical applications. In general, primals from heuristics lead to faster and better results when only a single cable is available, and provide collection systems with lower electrical power losses for multiple cables choice, whilst the GA shows better results when the initial investment is prioritized and several cable types are considered.
Juan-Andrés Peréz-Rúa; Daniel Hermosilla Minguijón; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Heuristics-based design and optimization of offshore wind farms collection systems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1356, 012014 .
AMA StyleJuan-Andrés Peréz-Rúa, Daniel Hermosilla Minguijón, Kaushik Das, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Heuristics-based design and optimization of offshore wind farms collection systems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1356 (1):012014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan-Andrés Peréz-Rúa; Daniel Hermosilla Minguijón; Kaushik Das; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Heuristics-based design and optimization of offshore wind farms collection systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1356, no. 1: 012014.
A MILP program for integrated global optimization of electrical cables systems in Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) is presented. Electrical cables encompass the cable layout in collection systems to interconnect Wind Turbines (WTs), and transmission systems to couple Offshore Substations (OSSs) to the Onshore Connection Point (OCP). The program is solved through a modern branch-and-cut solver, demonstrating the ability to tackle large-scale instances with hundreds of WTs and several OSSs. The model supports as objective function the initial investment plus economic losses due to total electrical power losses. The importance and functionality of incorporating electrical losses is demonstrated, along with the need to simultaneously optimize the cable layout, OSSs location, and transmission cables. The method is tested for three case studies. The results show that (i) points near the global optimum, with an imposed maximum tolerance, are calculable within reasonable computational time and effort, and (ii) the integrated model can be much more efficient than a benchmark approach based on enumeration, i.e., exhaustive evaluation of all possible optimization problems derived from unique OSSs locations.
Juan-Andres Perez-Rua; Mathias Stolpe; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Integrated Global Optimization Model for Electrical Cables in Offshore Wind Farms. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2019, 11, 1965 -1974.
AMA StyleJuan-Andres Perez-Rua, Mathias Stolpe, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Integrated Global Optimization Model for Electrical Cables in Offshore Wind Farms. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2019; 11 (3):1965-1974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan-Andres Perez-Rua; Mathias Stolpe; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Integrated Global Optimization Model for Electrical Cables in Offshore Wind Farms." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 11, no. 3: 1965-1974.
Offshore high-voltage DC (HVDC) grids are developing as a technically reliable and economical solution to transfer more offshore wind power to onshore power systems. It is also foreseen that the offshore HVDC grids pave the way for offshore wind participation in power systems’ balancing process through frequency support. The primary frequency control mechanism in an HVDC grid can be either centralized using communication links between HVDC terminals or decentralized by the simultaneous use of DC voltage and frequency droop controls. This paper investigates the impact of both types of primary frequency control of offshore HVDC grids on onshore power system dynamics. Parametric presentation of power systems’ electro-mechanical dynamics and HVDC controls is developed to analytically prove that the primary frequency control can improve the damping of interarea modes of onshore power systems. The key findings of the paper include showing that the simultaneous use of frequency and DC voltage droop controls on onshore converters results in an autonomous share of damping torque between onshore power systems even without any participation of offshore wind farms in the frequency control. It is also found that the resulting damping from the frequency control of offshore HVDC is not always reliable as it can be nullified by the power limits of HVDC converters or wind farms. Therefore, using power oscillation damping control in parallel with frequency control is suggested. The analytical findings are verified by simulations on a three-terminal offshore HVDC grid.
Ali Bidadfar; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Vladislav Akhmatov; Nicolaos A. Cutululis; Poul E. Sørensen. Impact of Primary Frequency Control of Offshore HVDC Grids on Interarea Modes of Power Systems. Energies 2019, 12, 3879 .
AMA StyleAli Bidadfar, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Vladislav Akhmatov, Nicolaos A. Cutululis, Poul E. Sørensen. Impact of Primary Frequency Control of Offshore HVDC Grids on Interarea Modes of Power Systems. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Bidadfar; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Vladislav Akhmatov; Nicolaos A. Cutululis; Poul E. Sørensen. 2019. "Impact of Primary Frequency Control of Offshore HVDC Grids on Interarea Modes of Power Systems." Energies 12, no. 20: 3879.
The current practice of power system restoration mainly relies on conventional power plants, which can provide black start in case of a black out using fossil fuels. HVdc-connected offshore wind power plants can, on the other hand, provide fast and environmentally friendly solutions for power system restoration, once their state of the art wind turbines are equipped with the grid-forming capability. In this paper, the background and existing solutions for wind turbine and wind power plant self-energization and onshore grid black start are presented, together with simulation results of an offshore wind power plant sequentially energizing the offshore ac network, offshore HVdc terminal, HVdc link, onshore HVdc terminal, and onshore ac terminal and load.
Jayachandra N. Sakamuri; Omer Goksu; Ali Bidadfar; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Anubhav Jain; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Black Start by HVdc-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2019, 1, 7045 -7050.
AMA StyleJayachandra N. Sakamuri, Omer Goksu, Ali Bidadfar, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Anubhav Jain, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Black Start by HVdc-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2019; 1 ():7045-7050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJayachandra N. Sakamuri; Omer Goksu; Ali Bidadfar; Oscar Saborío-Romano; Anubhav Jain; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Black Start by HVdc-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants." IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 1, no. : 7045-7050.
Recently put forward as a feasible alternative for connecting OWFs to HVdc networks, diode rectifiers (DRs) have elicited growing interest from both academia and industry. Energisation of such OWFs is, however, not straightforward. The present study constitutes a proof of concept for the application of a novel energisation method to the case of an OWF connected to HVdc via DRs. The proposed method provides a robust and reliable alternative with minimal additional hardware, i.e. short additional dc cables connecting the dc bus bar of the energising WT to the HVdc link, and corresponding dc disconnectors at the cable terminals and at the DR dc terminals. This can be easily extended to more WTs in the OWF, increasing reliability by providing redundancy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is a suitable alternative for energising OWFs connected to HVdc via DRs.
Oscar Saborío-Romano; Ali Bidadfar; Jayachandra N. Sakamuri; Omer Goksu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Novel Energisation Method for Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2019, 1, 4837 -4841.
AMA StyleOscar Saborío-Romano, Ali Bidadfar, Jayachandra N. Sakamuri, Omer Goksu, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. Novel Energisation Method for Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2019; 1 ():4837-4841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOscar Saborío-Romano; Ali Bidadfar; Jayachandra N. Sakamuri; Omer Goksu; Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis. 2019. "Novel Energisation Method for Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVdc via Diode Rectifiers." IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 1, no. : 4837-4841.