The efficiency of PV (photovoltaic) modules is highly dependent on the operating temperature. The objective of this work is to enhance the performance of PV by passive cooling using aluminum fins that have been nanocoated (like those on an automobile radiator). A rise in the cell temperature of the module PV leads to a decrease in its performance. As a result, an effective cooling mechanism is required. In this work, the performance of the PV module has been improved using natural convection, which was achieved by placing three similar PV modules next to each other in order to test them simultaneously. The first panel will be the base panel and will be used for comparison purposes. An automotive radiator (with aluminum fins) was firmly fixed onto the rear of the other two PV modules, and the fins of the third PV panel had titanium oxide (TiO₂) water-based nanofluid applied to them. The power produced by the PV modules, as well as their rear side temperatures, were recorded every 30 min over four months. A temperature reduction of 4.0 °C was attained when TiO₂ water-based nanofluid was sprayed onto the panel’s finned rear side. This was followed by the scenario where the rear side was only finned, with a temperature drop of 1.0 °C. As a result of the temperature reduction, the percentage of power produced by the coated-finned PV and the finned PV increased by 5.8 and 1.5 percent, respectively. This caused an increase in PV efficiency of 1.1 percent for coated-finned panels and 0.4 percent for finned PV.

One way to cut down the consumption of diesel fuel in domestic heating in Jordan is to blend it with shale oil, which may be extracted from oil shale. This leads to a cut down in the national fuel bill in Jordan. Unfortunately, shale oil contains significant amounts of sulfur as impurities, and...

Zamak 5 is a commercially important Zn–Al–Cu–Mg alloy that is frequently used in precision casting applications because of its dimensional stability, good casta-bility, and balanced engineering properties. In the present investigation, the in-fluence of two artificial aging conditions on the thermal and mechanical behavior of this alloy was experimentally examined. The first treatment consisted of aging at 85 °C for 44 h, whereas the second treatment was performed at 120 °C for 24 h. The aged specimens were characterized using SEM and EDS analyses together with microhardness testing and transient cooling experiments. The findings showed that aging reduced the hardness of the alloy relative to the untreated condition, with the largest reduction obtained after aging at 120 °C for 24 h. In contrast, the same condition produced the highest heat transfer response among the tested specimens. The thermal behavior was strongly associated with precip-itate evolution, redistribution of Zn-rich and Al-rich phases, and the resulting modification in thermal energy storage capability during transient cooling.