The consumption of artificial and low-calorie sweeteners (ASs, LCSs) is an important component of the Western diet. ASs play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and various inflammatory conditions. Intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors act as a crosstalk between dietary components, the gut microbiota, and the regulation of immune, endocrinological, and neurological responses. This narrative review aimed to summarize the possible effects of ASs and LCSs on intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors and their related functions. Based on the findings of various studies, long-term AS consumption has effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors in modulating incretin hormones, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokine secretion. These effects contribute to the regulation of glucose metabolism, ion transport, gut permeability, and inflammation and modulate the gut–brain, and gut–kidney axes. Based on the conflicting findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and randomized and controlled studies, artificial sweeteners may have a role in the pathogenesis of IBDs, functional bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers via the modulation of nutrient-sensing receptors. Further studies are needed to explore the exact mechanisms underlying their effects to decide the risk/benefit ratio of sugar intake reduction via AS and LCS consumption.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that sense lipophilic molecules and act as transcription factors to regulate target genes. PPARs have been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrotic processes. Some synthetic PPAR ligands are promising molecules for the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic processes in immune-mediated intestinal diseases. Some of these are currently undergoing or have previously undergone clinical trials. Dietary PPAR ligands and changes in microbiota composition could modulate PPARs’ activation to reduce inflammatory responses in these immune-mediated diseases, based on animal models and clinical trials. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of PPARs in immune-mediated bowel diseases and their potential therapeutic use.

The examination of the potentially toxic elements content of the wines is not easy task, because the most elements are in little concentration (mg kg-1 or μg kg-1) in the wine and the wines contain great amount of organic matrix. The efficient sample preparation is essential for the accurate determination of element content. The eim of our research was to determine which sample preparation method will be the most efficient in examination of wines with ICP technology. The examined wine sample was a 2008 Chardonnay from the Eger wine region. We did the sample preparation and analysis examination in University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Institute of Food Science, Quality Assurance and Microbiology.We did the analysis examinations with ICP- MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy). We always did the sample preparations and the examinations in three times rehearsal. The applied sample preparation methods: dilution with distilled water, open digestion and microwave digestion. We were able to measure B, Al, Mn, Fe and Zn with only dilution and open sample preparation. In the smaller quantity present Sr and Ba were measurable in the wine in the case of all three methods well. We were able to measure the Co with dilution and open digestion method, while Cr, Ni, and Te with only dilution method. In the case of arsenic we were not able to measure reliable result with dilution and open digestion method because of organic matrix and other components(alcohols, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, polyalcohols and inorganic salts). On the whole we are able to say that in the case of certain elements (B, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba) the open digestion and dilution sample preparation is applicable well, however, in the case of certain elements (As, Al, V, Cr, Se, Mo, Cd, Hg, Pb) we have to develop the methods. It may be development of one of the way, if we develop sample preparation methods to examined element specifically and notto wine generally.

Az elmúlt 10-15 évben végbement munkaerőpiaci folyamatok hatására hazánkban egyre sürgetőbbé vált, hogy a szervezetek a klasszikus emberi erőforrás menedzselési (HR) módszerek mellett megújult eszközöket és stratégiákat is alkalmazzanak. A mezőgazdaság ágazatra jellemző sajátosságok miatt a munkáltatói márkaépítés jelentősége megkérdőjelezhetetlen. Az agráriumban működő cégek versenyképességének egyik kulcsa, hogy a tehetségekért folytatott harcot megnyerjék, és ez különösen igaz egy olyan ágazatban, amely nemzetgazdasági szinten kiemelt stratégiai jelentőséggel bír. A kutatás célja a magyarországi mezőgazdasági vállalatok álláshirdetéseiben megjelenő munkavállalói juttatások szisztematikus feltárása, valamint annak vizsgálata, hogy ezek milyen mértékben feleltethetők meg a szakirodalomban azonosított Z generációs preferenciáknak. Ennek érdekében a mezőgazdasági álláshirdetések kvantitatív tartalomelemzését végeztük el. Magyarország egyik legnagyobb állásportálját, a profession.hu felületet választottuk az álláshirdetések forrásának, kifejezetten a szellemi munkakörre vonatkozó ajánlatokra fókuszálva. A hirdetés kutatási mintába való felvételének kritériuma a teljes munkaidő és a diplomás munkakör volt. Vizsgálataink alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a mezőgazdasági vállalkozások álláshirdetéseinek tartalma nincs összhangban a kutatásokban megjelenő munkavállalói preferenciákkal. Nagyobb hangsúlyt kellene helyezniük a munka-magánélet egyensúlyra, a rugalmas munkarendre, a munkahelyi autonómiára, a szabadidő minőségi eltöltését támogató lehetőségekre, a munkavállalói étkeztetésére, a munka és a családi élet összehangolását szolgáló juttatások kommunikálására. Javaslatként fogalmazzuk meg, hogy a szabadidő és az anyagi juttatások kínálatának növelése hangsúlyosabban jelenjen meg az álláshirdetésekben, amely ezáltal erősebben vonzhatja a fiatal tehetségeket a mezőgazdaság ágazatba. Ugyancsak elengedhetetlen lenne az egyéni juttatások sajátosságainak és előnyeinek hatékonyabb kommunikációja az álláshirdetésekben, hogy a jelentkezők érdeklődését felkeltse a szervezet, vonzóvá váljon a potenciális munkavállalók számára, és a jelöltek is jobban tisztában legyenek azzal, hogy mire számíthatnak.

Nowadays, sustainability and environmental awareness play an increasingly prominent role in our daily lives. In addition to a healthy diet, a growing number of conscious consumers increasingly demand variety and the use of ingredients with favourable nutritional parameters that have a low environmental impact on the planet. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is typically known as an undesirable weed in our country and Europe, but its food potential is predestined for much more. Thanks to its worldwide distribution and versatile uses (agriculture, medicine, gastronomy), purslane has come back into scientific focus. The plant is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid, high in antioxidants and vitamins A, C, B6 and E and is a significant source of magnesium, calcium and iron. In our research, total polyphenol and flavonoid content, protein and Klason lignin content of the ground leaves and stems of the plant were investigated, and product development was carried out by preparing test samples enriched with 5%, 10% and 15% powdered purslane. We tested the physical parameters of the test loaves and carried out a sensory evaluation to see how consumers perceived the products we developed. The results showed that the development of food products with purslane powder is feasible, and using the stem and leaf parts of the plant, the enrichment of 5% scored the highest in the sensory evaluation.

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) arise from interactions among genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier function, microbiota, diet, and other environmental exposures. Modern diets influence mucosal immunity not only through fibre intake, food processing, and microbiota composition, but also through a less explored exposure layer: plant-derived molecules with potential immune activity. Crop breeding, intensive agriculture, global trade, gluten-free substitutes, and plant-based food technologies have changed the spectrum, dose, concentration, and matrix in which plant defence proteins, antinutritional factors, endogenous toxicants, and novel plant antigens reach the intestinal surface. In this structured, hypothesis-generating narrative review, we propose dietary adjuvanticity as a mechanistic framework for considering how selected food-derived molecules may amplify mucosal immune responsiveness, modify antigen presentation, disturb barrier function, or lower tolerance thresholds without necessarily acting as classical autoantigens. The framework differs from general food-derived immunomodulation, nutritional exposomics, and diet-microbiota-host interaction models by focusing specifically on adjuvant-like immune amplification at the intestinal mucosa. The ASIA concept is used only in Shoenfeld’s functional sense, as an analogy for exogenous immune amplification through innate activation, danger signalling, bystander activation, epitope spreading, and loss of tolerance in susceptible hosts; it is not applied as a dietary diagnosis. Wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors, gluten epitopes, lectins, potato glycoalkaloids, saponins, quinoa prolamins, emerging legume proteins, L-canavanine, and tolerance-promoting plant substrates are discussed with explicit separation of established clinical evidence, strong mechanistic evidence, preclinical/ex vivo evidence, and speculative disease-modifier hypotheses. Overall, plant-derived exposures are best interpreted as potential modifiers within the IMID exposome, not as primary causes of autoimmunity. Testing this model will require defined exposures, food-matrix and processing studies, biomarkers of barrier and immune activation, patient stratification, and controlled human studies.