В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования микроминерального состава плацент жительниц Акмолинской области, региона, характеризующегося повышенной радиоэкологической напряжённостью, связанной с интенсивной добычей урана и золота, а также с наличием природных радоновых аномалий. Основной целью исследования стало выявление особенностей накопления и распределения минеральных фаз в плацентарной ткани, что позволило оценить влияние эколого-геохимических факторов на систему «мать–плацента–плод». Методическая база включала использование сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ, Hitachi S-3400N) и энергодисперсионной спектроскопии (Bruker XFlash 5010), что обеспечило высокую точность при определении морфологии и химического состава минеральных включений. В ходе анализа образцов плацент женщин, проживающих в Акмолинской области, было установлено наличие солей калия и хлора, сопровождающихся примесями натрия и алюминия. Кроме того, были зафиксированы фосфорсодержащие фазы двух типов: P–Na и P–Ca, которые играют ключевую роль в процессах кальцификации плацентарной ткани и могут быть связаны с формированием патологических кальцинатов. Особый интерес вызвало обнаружение редкой ассоциации I–Cu-частиц, ранее не описанной в плацентарных структурах. Этот факт напрямую отражает специфическое геохимическое состояние исследуемого региона и подтверждает возможность накопления в плаценте маркерных элементов, связанных с техногенным и природным загрязнением. Таким образом, полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что плацента может рассматриваться не только как орган, обеспечивающий жизнедеятельность плода, но и как биоиндикатор состояния окружающей среды. Наличие специфических минеральных фаз отражает реальную эколого-геохимическую ситуацию и её потенциальное воздействие на репродуктивное здоровье женщин. Результаты подчёркивают необходимость дальнейших междисциплинарных исследований и разработки профилактических мероприятий, направленных на снижение риска осложнений беременности и охрану здоровья новорождённых.

The article examines the distribution patterns and ecological characteristics of rare flora species within the territory of the Kokshetau State National Natural Park. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to assess the population status of plant species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan and to preserve biodiversity. The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution patterns of rare plant species within the territory of the park’s five branches, analyze their ecological groups, and assess the level of floristic similarity between the territories. The scientific significance of the work lies in specifying the distribution areas of rare species at the levels of forestry units, quarters, and plots, as well as in providing a comprehensive assessment of the structure of rare flora. As a result of the study, 13 rare species were identified, including 11 species of higher plants, one lichen, and one moss. The distribution areas of the rare species were specified at the level of forest management quarters and plots and were mapped using cartographic materials. In assessing floristic similarity, the highest similarity was found between the Zerendi and Arykbalyk branches (J = 0.75), while the lowest similarity was characteristic of the Shalkar and Aiyrtau branches (J = 0.17). The ecological analysis showed that the majority of species belong to hygrophytes, mesophytes, and xeromesophytes, indicating the widespread presence of forest-steppe and wetland ecosystems within the park. All the studied species belong to Category III of the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan. The results of the study make an important contribution to the conservation of rare flora species, the implementation of monitoring, and the scientifically based management of specially protected natural areas. Keywords: Red Book, Kokshetau National Park, flora, rare plants, floristic similarity, ecological groups.

Intraspecific variation in Tanacetum vulgare L. has been documented, but it remains unclear which morphological and anatomical traits differ among localities in Kokshetau State National Nature Park and whether the principal stem and leaf organization remains shared. This study compared flowering plants collected from one locality in each of the park’s five branches. Nine morphological traits were measured in 100 plants (20 per locality), and stem and leaf anatomy was examined in 50 plants (10 per locality). Flower and leaf extracts from one locality were also assessed descriptively by ¹H NMR. Morphological differences among localities were most evident in plant height, leaf dimensions, and flower head number. Plants from Shalkar had the highest mean height (58.70 ± 6.25 cm), leaf width (7.95 ± 1.15 cm), and flower head number per shoot (45.15 ± 13.66), whereas shoot diameter showed no significant difference among localities. Across the pooled sample, plant height was positively correlated with the number of lateral axes (r = 0.781). The principal organization of the stem and the isobilateral structure of the leaf were shared across localities, although pith cell dimensions and selected leaf tissue measurements differed. Flower and leaf extracts produced distinguishable NMR signals, but individual compounds were not identified. By comparing morphology and anatomy across five park localities, this study documents quantitative trait variation within a shared structural pattern and provides a baseline for future comparisons in northern Kazakhstan. Because each branch was represented by one locality and environmental and genetic factors were not measured, the causes of the observed differences remain unresolved.

Local floristic inventories provide baseline data for biodiversity monitoring and conservation in protected areas. This study presents an annotated checklist of vascular plants in the Arykbalyk Branch of Kokshetau State National Natural Park, Kazakhstan, and characterizes their taxonomic composition, life forms, ecological affinities, and practical significance. Route-based surveys conducted in 2025–2026 covered the principal habitats of four forestry units. Floristic relationships were assessed using Jaccard dissimilarities, average-linkage hierarchical clustering, and species intersections. The inventory documented 184 vascular plant species belonging to 135 genera, 46 families, and 24 orders at surveyed localities within the branch. These included 172 native species, 11 alien species (6.0%), and one species recorded only as planted. General analyses were restricted to the native component. Asteraceae was the most species-rich native family, comprising 31 species (18.0%). Perennials accounted for 84.9% of native species, and hemicryptophytes represented 61.0%. Mesophytes and xeromesophytes together comprised 64.5% of the native component. Medicinal plants constituted the largest documented practical-use category, with 93 native species (54.1%). Seven species listed in the national Red Data Book were recorded, along with an additional locality of Hemipilia cucullata. Fifty-two native species occurred in all four forestry-unit lists. Leikovskoye and Nizhne-Burlukskoye showed the greatest floristic similarity, whereas Karauyltobe had the most distinct native species composition. These descriptive findings provide a baseline for further floristic inventories and targeted monitoring of native species of conservation concern and alien plants.