To evaluate the relationship between serum Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, antral follicle count (AFC), and histologically quantified primordial follicle numbers in premenopausal women, in order to validate the clinical accuracy of AMH and AFC as surrogate markers of true ovarian reserve. This prospective cross-sectional study included 89 healthy, menstruating women aged 35–48 years who underwent unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy for benign gynecological conditions. Preoperative serum levels of AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) were measured, and AFC was assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography during the early follicular phase. Excised ovarian tissues were processed for histological evaluation, and primordial follicles were counted by a blinded pathologist. AMH and AFC were both positively correlated with primordial follicle count (ρ = 0.75 and ρ = 0.85, respectively; p < 0.001). AMH also showed strong inverse correlations with FSH (ρ = − 0.89) and moderate inverse correlation with E2 (ρ = − 0.62). AFC was moderately negatively correlated with FSH (ρ = − 0.67). Among all tested biomarkers, AMH and AFC demonstrated the strongest associations with histologically determined follicular reserve. AMH and AFC are strongly associated with the histological size of the primordial follicle pool and represent reliable, non-invasive markers of ovarian reserve. These findings provide histological validation for their continued use in reproductive assessment and individualized fertility planning.

Introduction and importance: Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common benign ovarian germ cell neoplasm. Rupture is uncommon and may, rarely, lead to delayed intraperitoneal dissemination mimicking advanced ovarian cancer. This case is notable for the 22-year interval between surgery for a ruptured dermoid cyst and presentation with extensive disease resembling peritoneal carcinomatosis. Case presentation: A 46-year-old premenopausal woman with a history of left salpingo-oophorectomy for a ruptured dermoid cyst in 2004 presented with abdominal pain, distension, and a palpable mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 6–7 cm complex right adnexal mass and multiple peritoneal, omental, and mesenteric lesions measuring up to 3–4 cm. CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) (61 U/mL) and CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) (56 U/mL) were mildly elevated, whereas alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and lactate dehydrogenase were normal. Total abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, and excision of all visible implants achieved no macroscopic residual disease. Frozen section and final histopathology showed mature teratomatous tissue without immature or malignant elements. Clinical discussion: The findings were most consistent with disseminated mature teratomatous implants, most likely associated with the previous rupture, although occult residual implants or a contralateral MCT could not be excluded. The main differential diagnoses were malignancy, growing teratoma syndrome, and gliomatosis peritonei. Conclusion: In women with a prior MCT rupture, multifocal fat-containing peritoneal lesions should raise suspicion for disseminated mature teratoma. In this patient, complete macroscopic excision was associated with a favorable short-term outcome; longer follow-up is required.

Minimal invaziv cerrahi, açık cerrahilere göre bir çok avantajı mevcuttur. Dünyada artan teknolojik ve inovatif gelişmeler minimal invaziv cerrahinin yaygınlaşmasına katkıda bulundu. Endoskopik cerrahideki artan gelişmeler ile jinekolojik endoskopik cerrahide de ilerlemeler sağlandı. Ülkemiz de son yıllarda hem temel endoskopik hemde advanced endoskopik cerrahide dünya literatürüne makale ve teknik anlamda bir çok katkısı olmuştur. Buna karşın, jinekolojik endoskopik cerrahideki uzun öğrenme süreci ve merkezi olmayan sağlık merkezlerinde yeterli endoskopik alet alt yapısına erişim zorluğu nedeniyle istenilen seviyeye yeterince yayılmamıştır. Ayrıca, kitap ve diğer dökümanlar konusunda dünya ve ülkemizde yeterli kaynak bulunamamaktadır. Kitabımız bu konuda kaynak ihtiyacınıkapatma amacıyla yola çıktı. Konusunda yetkin uzman ve hocalar tarafından son güncel bilgiler dikkate alınarak yazıldı. Kitabımızınmeslektaşlarımıza ve jinekolojik endoskopi camiasına verimli bir kaynak olması en büyük temmenimizdir.

Background: Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EIN/AEH) carries a substantial risk of concurrent endometrial carcinoma at hysterectomy. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping requires cervical injection into an intact uterus, so the decision to map must be made before uterine pathology is known. A strategy that defers that decision to intraoperative frozen section therefore does not choose between mapping and no mapping; it forecloses mapping altogether. We evaluated the technical feasibility and diagnostic yield of SLN mapping performed without frozen section in patients with preoperative EIN/AEH and estimated how much of the nodal disease identified might not have been detected under a frozen-section-guided pathway. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 86 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of EIN/AEH underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and SLN mapping with methylene blue between November 2021 and May 2026. No patient underwent intraoperative frozen section, and all SLNs underwent ultrastaging. Patients were grouped by final histopathology, and carcinomas were staged according to FIGO 2023. A counterfactual analysis applied the Mayo intraoperative triage criteria to the final uterine pathology and considered two mechanisms separately: patients who would not have undergone nodal assessment at all, and patients who would have undergone lymphadenectomy but whose disease volume might not have been detected by conventional nodal pathology. Results: Final pathology showed persistent EIN/AEH in 37 patients (43.0%) and endometrial carcinoma in 49 (57.0%). Patients upgraded to carcinoma were older (60.3 ± 9.5 vs. 53.1 ± 10.4 years, p = 0.001), more often postmenopausal (87.8% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.001), and had greater endometrial thickness (18.6 ± 8.7 vs. 13.5 ± 5.4 mm, p = 0.004). At least one SLN was retrieved in 82 of 86 patients (95.3%) and bilaterally in 76 (88.4%); bilateral detection did not differ significantly between groups (94.6% vs. 83.7%, p = 0.177). SLNs lay in the obturator region in 62.2% of hemipelves and in the external iliac region in 26.3%, together accounting for 88.5%. Nodal involvement was identified in 11 patients (12.8% of the cohort; 22.4% of carcinomas): isolated tumor cells in two, micrometastasis in six, and macrometastasis in three. Among the patients who underwent additional non-sentinel nodal assessment, no metastatic non-SLN was identified in the presence of negative SLNs; no reference standard was applied to the remaining SLN-negative patients, so a false-negative rate cannot be estimated. No patient with EIN/AEH-only pathology had nodal involvement. Under simulated frozen-section triage, 2 of the 11 node-positive patients (18.2%) would not have undergone nodal assessment at all; a further 6 had low-volume disease that might not have been identified by conventional nodal pathology. Taken together, up to 8 of 11 (72.7%), and up to 6 of the 9 with micro- or macrometastasis (66.7%), might have remained undetected under the specified hypothetical pathway. Conclusions: SLN mapping performed before hysterectomy and without intraoperative frozen section was technically feasible with methylene blue alone and identified occult nodal disease, a substantial part of which might not have been detected under a frozen-section-guided pathway. These findings establish feasibility and diagnostic yield only: the study has no comparison group and supports no conclusion about survival, morbidity, or cost-effectiveness. Because 43.0% of patients had EIN/AEH-only pathology, mapping should form part of individualized preoperative counseling rather than be applied universally.

Background/Objectives: Rare histologic subtypes of cervical cancer are uncommon and may be misclassified during initial diagnosis. Their recognition depends on subtype-directed immunohistochemistry, which excludes metastatic mimics, and on high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing, which establishes HPV status. Published series rarely report how the diagnosis was reached. We therefore documented the full diagnostic work-up, together with treatment and outcomes, in a consecutive single-center series. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center case series (January 2020–January 2025). Rare tumors were defined per the 2020 WHO Classification as subtypes other than squamous cell carcinoma and usual-type adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm lineage and exclude mimics. hrHPV DNA testing and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed where tissue permitted. A tumor was called HPV-associated only when diffuse block-type p16 positivity accompanied hrHPV DNA; HPV DNA alone was not accepted as evidence of an HPV-driven tumor. Results: Ten patients were included (median age 53 years). There were two signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas, two small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECC), two serous adenocarcinomas, and one each of sarcomatoid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, and poorly differentiated adenosquamous (glassy cell) carcinoma. hrHPV DNA was detected in six of the seven tumors tested. Three of these six were p16-negative: one serous, the clear cell, and the glassy cell carcinoma. Because diffuse block-type p16 expression is a validated surrogate marker of transcriptionally active hrHPV, we classified these three as HPV-independent. This matches the known biology of these histotypes. Lymphovascular space invasion was present in eight patients (80%). Over a median follow-up of 10.5 months, four patients developed distant metastases and three died. Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis of rare cervical tumors requires subtype-directed immunohistochemistry to exclude mimics and hrHPV testing interpreted together with p16; HPV DNA positivity alone does not establish HPV-association. Given the small, heterogeneous series, outcome data are descriptive and hypothesis-generating. We propose a diagnostic algorithm and immunohistochemical framework and advocate centralized review and prospective registries.

Akademisyen Yayınevi yöneticileri, yaklaşık 30 yıllık yayın tecrübesini, kendi tüzel kişiliklerine aktararak uzun zamandan beri, ticarî faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Anılan süre içinde, başta sağlık ve sosyal bilimler, kültürel ve sanatsal konular dahil 2000 kitabı yayımlamanın gururu içindedir. Uluslararası yayınevi olmanın alt yapısını tamamlayan Akademisyen, Türkçe ve yabancı dillerde yayın yapmanın yanında, küresel bir marka yaratmanın peşindedir.Bilimsel ve düşünsel çalışmaların kalıcı belgeleri sayılan kitaplar, bilgi kayıt ortamı olarak yüzlerce yılın tanıklarıdır. Matbaanın icadıyla varoluşunu sağlam temellere oturtan kitabın geleceği, her ne kadar yeni buluşların yörüngesine taşınmış olsa da, daha uzun süre hayatımızda yer edineceği muhakkaktır.