La innovación en panificación busca mejorar el valor nutricional de productos tradicionales como el panetón, de alta demanda en Perú, mediante ingredientes andinos subutilizados. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el impacto de tres niveles de sustitución de harina de kiwicha sobre las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del panetón con aguaymanto deshidratado en el contexto andino peruano. La metodología es de enfoque cuantitativo, se realizó un diseño experimental, elaborando panetones y analizando su composición fisicoquímica, estabilidad microbiológica (45 días), perfil textural (TPA) y aceptabilidad sensorial (n= 44, escala hedónica 1-5). Este estudio evaluó el efecto de sustituir parcialmente harina de trigo por harina de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) (10%, 15%, 20%) en panetón con aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana L.) deshidratado, para determinar el nivel óptimo que equilibre aceptabilidad sensorial y mejora nutricional. Los resultados evidencian que la sustitución incrementó significativamente proteína, fibra, ceniza y grasa, y redujo humedad y actividad de agua; texturalmente, aumentó la dureza y disminuyó cohesividad y elasticidad. Sensorialmente, la formulación con 15% de kiwicha (T2) obtuvo la mayor aceptabilidad general (3.9±0.7), significativamente superior a las de 10% (T1) y 20% (T3), siendo esta última penalizada en color, olor, suavidad y humedad. El panetón T2 presentó un 48.7% más de proteína, 36.3% más de fibra y 52.3% menos de grasa que un referente comercial, cumpliendo con los límites microbiológicos. Se concluye que la sustitución al 15% con kiwicha es una alternativa viable para obtener un panetón tradicional nutricionalmente mejorado y sensorialmente aceptable en el contexto peruano.

This study examined the floristic composition, structural attributes, productivity, biomass, and conservation value of a tropical rainforest (TRF) in the Colombian Pacific region. A complete inventory of trees with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ≥ 10 cm was conducted, and analyses included diversity indices, species accumulation and rarefaction curves, structural parameters, productivity indices, and estimates of aboveground biomass and C (carbon) stocks. Multivariate analyses were also applied to evaluate beta diversity and flo-ristic dissimilarity among plots. The forest showed high species richness, with 45 species belonging to 26 families, and diversity indices confirmed a heterogeneous and balanced community. Structural analyses revealed a dense and complex stand with continuous re-generation, a reverse-J diameter distribution, and stratification dominated by lower and middle layers. Productivity indices highlighted the dual contribution of abundant small stems and a smaller number of dominant trees. Aboveground biomass reached very high values, corresponding to substantial C storage, with most of the pool concentrated in a few dominant taxa. Conservation analysis revealed that while most species were classified as Least Concern, four taxa were identified as threatened or vulnerable, and several remained unevaluated. Overall, the results confirm the dual role of TRFs as biodiversity hotspots and critical C reservoirs, underscoring the need for integrated conservation strategies.

Alluvial gold mining can alter Amazonian tree communities, but its association with medicinal tree diversity, structure, and carbon stocks remains poorly documented. We compared four 1-ha forest plots in Boca Colorado, Madre de Dios, Peru: two with greater evidence of mining intervention and two less-impacted plots. All medicinal trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were inventoried, and taxon richness, Hill diversity, rarefaction, floristic dissimilarity, dominance, structural attributes, and biomass carbon were evaluated. A total of 1344 individuals representing 203 taxa were recorded. Mean plot-level richness was higher in less-impacted forests than in impacted forests (135.5 vs. 95.5 taxa), as were diversity of orders q = 1 (79.9 vs. 48.1) and q = 2 (38.7 vs. 23.6). Richness therefore showed a scale-dependent pattern: less-impacted plots were richer individually, whereas impacted forests accumulated more taxa when plots were pooled (172 vs. 143), reflecting greater among-plot differentiation. Turnover accounted for 79.5% of Jaccard dissimilarity. Less-impacted forests also had 16.1% higher stem density and 47.1% higher total biomass carbon, with the carbon contrast supported by the hierarchical bootstrap analysis (p = 0.043). These findings indicate that mining intervention was associated with differences in abundance distribution, floristic composition, forest structure, and carbon stocks that were not captured by pooled richness alone.

Teak plantations are widely promoted as productive forest systems with potential contributions to carbon storage and climate-oriented land management. However, plantation carbon estimates often rely on generic biomass-to-carbon conversion factors, which may overlook variation in carbon concentration among tree components. This study refined carbon estimates in tropical teak plantations in Nayarit, western Mexico, by combining pantropical allometry with measured carbon fractions. Carbon concentration was determined in leaves, branches, stem, roots, and total biomass, and carbon stocks were compared using the generic 0.47 factor and measured total biomass carbon fractions. Carbon concentration differed among biomass components, with leaves and branches remaining below 47%, while stem, roots, and total biomass exceeded this value. The measured total biomass carbon fraction averaged 48.24%, producing refined carbon estimates that were consistently higher than those obtained with the generic factor. Across plantation-age records, the refined approach increased carbon estimates by 1.33 Mg C ha⁻¹, equivalent to a mean relative adjustment of 2.67%. When projected as an illustrative scenario, this difference represented 133, 665, and 1330 Mg C over 100, 500, and 1000 ha, respectively. These findings show that measured carbon fractions can reduce one source of conversion-related uncertainty and refine plantation-level carbon estimates. Broader regional application would require larger and more representative plantation inventories.

Tropical foothill forests are heterogeneous transition zones, yet field inventories remain sparse in the Andean–Amazonian region. We compared four forest stands to establish a local biodiversity baseline and determine whether tree diversity, floristic differentiation, and stand structure showed similar descriptive patterns. Four 0.25-ha plots located between 239 and 487 m a.s.l. in Madre de Dios, Peru, were inventoried for trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm. Diversity was characterized using Hill numbers, floristic differentiation using coverage-standardized beta diversity, and forest structure and soil properties descriptively. We recorded 532 trees representing 163 species, 97 genera, and 34 families. Observed richness ranged from 56 to 68 species, whereas abundance-weighted diversity varied more markedly. At 84% sample coverage, richness-based Sørensen-type and Jaccard-type dissimilarities ranged from 0.251 to 0.602 and from 0.401 to 0.752, respectively. Structural attributes varied among plots but did not follow the same ordering as diversity or floristic differentiation. Soil properties were treated solely as environmental context because each plot had one composite sample. The findings document heterogeneity among the four sampled stands and provide a sampling-standardized baseline for this poorly documented foothill sector, without establishing regional patterns or environmental causes.

Background: The expansion of virtual platforms, adaptive systems, learning analytics, and artificial intelligence has intensified interest in understanding the relationship between learning styles and academic performance in technology-mediated educational environments. However, recent literature shows conceptual and methodological dispersion. Objective: To systematically analyze scientific production on learning styles and academic performance in technology-mediated educational environments, with emphasis on research trends, methodological approaches, theoretical models, and knowledge gaps. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was carried out in Scopus and included articles published between 2020 and 2026. Inclusion and exclusion criteria related to document type, language, thematic relevance, and educational context were applied. The final corpus consisted of 42 studies, organized through a data extraction matrix and analyzed using qualitative thematic synthesis. Results: Studies on adaptive technologies and learning personalization predominated, followed by research on teaching modalities and technological mediation. The direct relationship between learning styles and academic performance was scarcely represented. In addition, the concept of learning styles was frequently used without explicit adherence to specific theoretical models. Conclusion: Recent evidence does not support a direct, uniform, and isolated relationship between learning styles and academic performance. This relationship becomes more relevant when integrated into educational personalization models, flexible instructional design, and adaptive technologies.