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Dr. Chi-Feng Chen
Professor

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0 Low Impact Development
0 Water Quality
0 Water Resources
0 Watershed Management
0 Urban Adaptation

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Journal article
Published: 14 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Low-impact development (LID) aims to retain stormwater at source sites rather than achieve water drainage. The infiltration and storage of rainwater on site is the most commonly applied LID design concept, turning impervious pavements into pervious pavements. In this study, three field sites in Taipei city, Taiwan, were monitored. Two of the sites were located on campuses, and one site was a roadside location. They were constructed at different times and had distinct purposes, but the common design aspect was the infiltration function of the ground surface. We monitored the water retention performance at the above three sites and applied a verified stormwater management model (SWMM) to characterize the performance at these case sites. The observed data show that if the accumulative rainfall was lower than 20 mm, the water retention rate at each of the three case sites reached almost 50%; at 60 mm rainfall, the rate was 40%. With increased rainfall amount, the water retention rate decreased because the storage capacity was limited. Because water retention is typically controlled by the infiltration capacity, the rainfall intensity dominated the performance. At the three field sites, the water retention rate was 40% on average at a rainfall intensity below 20 mm/h. Above this rainfall intensity, the infiltration performance of the pervious pavement decreased. The verified model was applied to assess the performance at the three sites under the Taipei city drainage system design standard, i.e., the five-year recurrent period storm level, at 78.8 mm/h. The results demonstrate that the water retention rates were 9.1%, 14.2%, and 61.0% at the three sites, indicating that the pervious pavement could reduce the loading of the current stormwater drainage system. Dispersed sites should be considered in urban stormwater management to mitigate flooding risk in urban areas.

ACS Style

Jen-Yang Lin; Ti-Chi Yuan; Chi-Feng Chen. Water Retention Performance at Low-Impact Development (LID) Field Sites in Taipei, Taiwan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 759 .

AMA Style

Jen-Yang Lin, Ti-Chi Yuan, Chi-Feng Chen. Water Retention Performance at Low-Impact Development (LID) Field Sites in Taipei, Taiwan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jen-Yang Lin; Ti-Chi Yuan; Chi-Feng Chen. 2021. "Water Retention Performance at Low-Impact Development (LID) Field Sites in Taipei, Taiwan." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 759.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Processes
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Off-site reservoirs use water from other watersheds to supplement their water quantity. Water quality is usually better in off-site reservoirs than in onsite reservoirs, because in comparison to onsite reservoirs, watershed areas are smaller and fewer pollutants are collected; moreover, cleaner water is introduced. However, in Taiwan, the water quality of some off-site reservoirs can gradually worsen, and this factor needs to be addressed. In this study, the Liyutan reservoir in central Taiwan was used as an example to demonstrate the process of evaluating pollution in an off-site reservoir. Pollution loads from point sources (PSs) and nonpoint sources (NPSs) were carefully estimated. Domestic sewage and tourist wastewater were considered the major PS loads in this study. The NPS load evaluation was dependent on the results of a verified watershed model, the stormwater management model (SWMM). The observed data in 2015 and 2016 and supplementary total phosphorous (TP) samplings in upstream rivers in 2018 were used to validate the model results. Model calibration and verification were implemented during dry weather and wet weather to ensure the accuracy of the PS and NPS simulations. The results of this study showed that the average total phosphorous (TP) load generated from within the watershed was 9013 kg/y, and that the TP load from outside the watershed was 4545 kg/y. The percentages of TP loads from NPSs and PSs in the watershed were 83% and 17%, respectively. Finally, we used a verified Vollenweider model to convert the TP loads to the TP concentration in the reservoir. The pollution reduction measures and the associated predicted water quality values were assessed using the verified models.

ACS Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Yi-Ru Wu; Jen-Yang Lin. Applying a Watershed and Reservoir Model in an Off-Site Reservoir to Establish an Effective Watershed Management Plan. Processes 2019, 7, 484 .

AMA Style

Chi-Feng Chen, Yi-Ru Wu, Jen-Yang Lin. Applying a Watershed and Reservoir Model in an Off-Site Reservoir to Establish an Effective Watershed Management Plan. Processes. 2019; 7 (8):484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Yi-Ru Wu; Jen-Yang Lin. 2019. "Applying a Watershed and Reservoir Model in an Off-Site Reservoir to Establish an Effective Watershed Management Plan." Processes 7, no. 8: 484.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2017 in Water
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Models are necessary tools for watershed management. However, applying watershed models is time consuming and requires technical knowledge, including model selection and validation. The objective of this study is to assess two commonly used watershed models and their parameter sensitivity to reduce model loadings and to gain a better understanding of the model performances. The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) were applied to a mostly forested Taiwanese reservoir watershed with pollution from tea plantations. Statistical analysis showed that both models are suitable for the studied watershed, but the performances of the flow and water quality simulations are different. The mean flow simulated by SWMM was lower than the experimental observations. The HSPF model performed better, possibly because the soil in the study area is highly permeable and the HSPF model has more precise soil layer calculations. SWMM may underestimate the total phosphorous (TP) and suspended solid (SS) loads following small storm events in highly permeable watersheds. The Latin Hypercube-One factor At a Time (LH-OAT) method was used to determine the parameter sensitivity of the HSPF model and SWMM. In both of the models, the parameters related to infiltration and soil characteristics strongly affected the flow simulation, except when using the Horton infiltration method in the SWMM. Manning’s roughness coefficient for pervious areas was more sensitive in SWMM than in the HSPF model because SWMM has fewer parameters.

ACS Style

Lin-Yi Tsai; Chi-Feng Chen; Chi-Hsuan Fan; Jen-Yang Lin. Using the HSPF and SWMM Models in a High Pervious Watershed and Estimating Their Parameter Sensitivity. Water 2017, 9, 780 .

AMA Style

Lin-Yi Tsai, Chi-Feng Chen, Chi-Hsuan Fan, Jen-Yang Lin. Using the HSPF and SWMM Models in a High Pervious Watershed and Estimating Their Parameter Sensitivity. Water. 2017; 9 (10):780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin-Yi Tsai; Chi-Feng Chen; Chi-Hsuan Fan; Jen-Yang Lin. 2017. "Using the HSPF and SWMM Models in a High Pervious Watershed and Estimating Their Parameter Sensitivity." Water 9, no. 10: 780.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2016 in Water
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Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) are used to protect water bodies based on their assimilative ability and are transferred as a maximum allowable load, which is the sum of all pollution emissions in a watershed that cannot be exceeded. This allowable load is calculated from a target water quality concentration and a flow state. The target water quality concentration is typically consistent with water quality standards; however, it is difficult to determine which flow state to use, especially for lakes and reservoirs. In this study, an exceedance probability method is established for determining the TMDL for reservoirs. The SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) was used to understand the pollution loads from the watershed, and the Vollenweider model was used to simulate the total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in the reservoir. Using the validated Vollenweider model, the relationship between pollution loads and the target TP concentration is illustrated. This relationship is associated with real changes in the reservoir water volume and is presented as the exceedance probability. In the study area (i.e., the Shiman Reservoir in Taiwan), an exceedance probability of 50% is suggested, and the allowable TP load is 22,209 kg/year when considering a target TP concentration of 20 μg/L. When considering effective management, the pollution sources in three hot spots are priorities, and controlling their point and nonpoint pollution sources can decrease TP from 25 to 22 μg/L.

ACS Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Lin-Yi Tsai; Chi-Hsuan Fan; Jen-Yang Lin. Using Exceedance Probability to Determine Total Maximum Daily Loads for Reservoir Water Quality Management. Water 2016, 8, 541 .

AMA Style

Chi-Feng Chen, Lin-Yi Tsai, Chi-Hsuan Fan, Jen-Yang Lin. Using Exceedance Probability to Determine Total Maximum Daily Loads for Reservoir Water Quality Management. Water. 2016; 8 (11):541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Lin-Yi Tsai; Chi-Hsuan Fan; Jen-Yang Lin. 2016. "Using Exceedance Probability to Determine Total Maximum Daily Loads for Reservoir Water Quality Management." Water 8, no. 11: 541.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2014 in Water
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Low impact development (LID) is a relatively new concept in land use management that aims to maintain hydrological conditions at a predevelopment level without deteriorating water quality during land development. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed the System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integration model (SUSTAIN) to evaluate the performance of LID practices at different spatial scales; however, the application of this model has been limited relative to LID modeling. In this study, the SUSTAIN model was applied to a Taiwanese watershed. Model calibration and verification were performed, and different types of LID facilities were evaluated. The model simulation process and the verified model parameters could be used in other cases. Four LID scenarios combining bioretention ponds, grass swales, and pervious pavements were designed based on the land characteristics. For the SUSTAIN model simulation, the results showed that pollution reduction was mainly due to water quantity reduction, infiltration was the dominant mechanism and plant interception had a minor effect on the treatment. The simulation results were used to rank the primary areas for nonpoint source pollution and identify effective LID practices. In addition to the case study, a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was performed, showing that the soil infiltration rate was the most sensitive parameter affecting the LID performance. The objectives of the study are to confirm the applicability of the SUSTAIN model and to assess the effectiveness of LID practices in the studied watershed.

ACS Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Ming-Yang Sheng; Chia-Ling Chang; Shyh-Fang Kang; Jen-Yang Lin. Application of the SUSTAIN Model to a Watershed-Scale Case for Water Quality Management. Water 2014, 6, 3575 -3589.

AMA Style

Chi-Feng Chen, Ming-Yang Sheng, Chia-Ling Chang, Shyh-Fang Kang, Jen-Yang Lin. Application of the SUSTAIN Model to a Watershed-Scale Case for Water Quality Management. Water. 2014; 6 (12):3575-3589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Ming-Yang Sheng; Chia-Ling Chang; Shyh-Fang Kang; Jen-Yang Lin. 2014. "Application of the SUSTAIN Model to a Watershed-Scale Case for Water Quality Management." Water 6, no. 12: 3575-3589.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2014 in Sustainability
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Taipei Feitsui Reservoir supplies drinking water to more than five million citizens in northern Taiwan. The Feitsui Reservoir Administration and Tea Research and Extension Station have implemented a new pollution control measure for the use of low-phosphorous (low-P) fertilizers to prevent eutrophication. In this study, we compared the quality of the soil, effluent and tea from two test fields. Low-P fertilizer was applied to one of the fields, and regular phosphorous fertilizer (regular-P) was applied to the other. The study period covered spring and winter seasons. The results showed that the investigated soil chemical properties were not influenced by either the low-P or regular-P fertilizers. The effluent quality was influenced by the precondition of the soil, which resulted in a larger average total phosphorous (TP) concentration in the low-P field. However, there was a decreasing trend in P concentration that amounted to approximately half of the average TP concentration in the regular-P field. The growth characteristics and yields were not significantly different between the two fields, but the taste and aroma of the tea from the low-P field was rated as superior to that of the regular-P field.

ACS Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Chih-Yi Hu; Ming-Lone Liou; Chia-Chang Wu; Yen-Shuo Su; Chien-Ju Liu. Application of Low-Phosphorous Fertilizers on Tea Plantations as a Novel Best Management Practice. Sustainability 2014, 6, 6985 -6997.

AMA Style

Chi-Feng Chen, Chih-Yi Hu, Ming-Lone Liou, Chia-Chang Wu, Yen-Shuo Su, Chien-Ju Liu. Application of Low-Phosphorous Fertilizers on Tea Plantations as a Novel Best Management Practice. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (10):6985-6997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi-Feng Chen; Chih-Yi Hu; Ming-Lone Liou; Chia-Chang Wu; Yen-Shuo Su; Chien-Ju Liu. 2014. "Application of Low-Phosphorous Fertilizers on Tea Plantations as a Novel Best Management Practice." Sustainability 6, no. 10: 6985-6997.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2013 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Pollutants deposited on road surfaces and distributed in the environment are a source of nonpoint pollution. Field data are traditionally hard to collect from roads because of constant traffic. In this study, in cooperation with the traffic administration, the dry deposition on and road runoff from urban roads was measured in Taipei City and New Taipei City, Taiwan. The results showed that the dry deposition is 2.01–5.14 g/m2·day and 78–87% of these solids are in the 75–300 µm size range. The heavy metals in the dry deposited particles are mainly Fe, Zn, and Na, with average concentrations of 34,978, 1,519 and 1,502 ppm, respectively. Elevated express roads show the highest heavy metal concentrations. Not only the number of vehicles, but also the speed of the traffic should be considered as factors that influence road pollution, as high speeds may accelerate vehicle wear and deposit more heavy metals on road surfaces. In addition to dry deposition, the runoff and water quality was analyzed every five minutes during the first two hours of storm events to capture the properties of the first flush road runoff. The sample mean concentration (SMC) from three roads demonstrated that the first flush runoff had a high pollution content, notably for suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease, Pb, and Zn. Regular sweeping and onsite water treatment facilities are suggested to minimize the pollution from urban roads.

ACS Style

Yunn-Jinn Wang; Chi-Feng Chen; Jen-Yang Lin. The Measurement of Dry Deposition and Surface Runoff to Quantify Urban Road Pollution in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2013, 10, 5130 -5145.

AMA Style

Yunn-Jinn Wang, Chi-Feng Chen, Jen-Yang Lin. The Measurement of Dry Deposition and Surface Runoff to Quantify Urban Road Pollution in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10 (10):5130-5145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunn-Jinn Wang; Chi-Feng Chen; Jen-Yang Lin. 2013. "The Measurement of Dry Deposition and Surface Runoff to Quantify Urban Road Pollution in Taipei, Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 10: 5130-5145.