Background: Cervical cancer is common in women in less developed regions of the world. The plant biomolecules can be employed for synergistic activity with chemo- and radiotherapy. This combinations might result in reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of the treatment regimen. Objectives: The anti-HeLa cells activity of the acetone extracts of S. plumosum, T. cilliata and S. pinnata was assessed using different parameters. Methods: Secondary metabolite detection and antioxidant activity quantification were determined using the DPPH and ferric iron reducing assays. HeLa cell growth inhibition and mechanistics were assessed by employing MTT and Annexin-V flous assays. Results: Observations revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins steroids and coumarins in all the plants ex- tracts. High amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in S. plumosum and T. cilliata. S. plumosum extract had the best DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing powers. Conclusion: Observable concentration dependent cell proliferation inhibition by test materials was exhibited. The leaf ex- tracts from T. cilliata, S. plumosum and S. pinnata contain compounds of various polarities with free-radical, antioxidant and anti-cancerous activities that may play a beneficial role in treatment. Keywords: Medicinal plants; anticancer activity; antioxidant activity.

Background: Infectious diseases continue to pose a worldwide health issue, intensified by the capacity of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to elude host immune responses through mechanisms involving biofilm formation, intracellular survival, and the release of cytolytic toxins

The development of depression frequently impacts epileptic patients due to unmanaged central nervous system changes. This may severely reduce their quality of life. These mental conditions can lead to the administration of illicit drugs for self-medication. However, these substances may increase seizure frequency. The combination of this condition may both interacting brain disorders deeply aggravate each other, requiring simultaneous, comprehensive treatment. The aim will be to systematically evaluate the role of phytomedicine in managing comorbid depression and recreational substance use in people with epilepsy. The methods followed the PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review protocol outlines an evaluation of phytomedicine’s role in managing comorbid depression and recreational substance use in epilepsy patients. Data were searched using nine online databases for 2000–2026 primary studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and performed a narrative or meta-analysis synthesis. It is well documented that depression and recreational substance use frequently coexist, with severity influenced by youth, homelessness, unemployment, childhood trauma, and prolonged substance dependence. Several evidence globally consistently demonstrates strong associations between depressive symptoms and heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepine, and alcohol use. The statistical analyses obtained indicate that substance use and depression reinforce each other, highlighting the need for integrated mental health, addiction, and psychosocial interventions to improve clinical outcomes. This highlighted a complex interaction among depression, epilepsy, and substance use. It emphasised an integrated management approach while cautiously evaluating phytomedicine’s efficacy, safety, and drug interactions. Therefore, the use of phytomedicine may complement integrated epilepsy care by addressing depression and substance use, although robust clinical evidence remains essential for validation.

Background: The prevalence of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus remains a major burden to South African public hospitals as patients with burns, neonates and those in intensive care units are at high risk of developing MRSA infection, which accounts for 20-50% of all staphylococcus infections in Africa. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-microbial activity of Kigelia africana on MRSA. Objective: The anti-microbial activity of Kigelia africana was assessed using the Resazurin Microtiter assay with vancomycin as a positive control. Methods: The phytochemicals from Kigelia africana were detected using preliminary qualitative phytochemical assays. Varying concentrations of K. africana ranging from (15, 6-500 µg/mL) were investigated for their inhibitory activity using a REMA assay. Results: Observation of the secondary metabolites revealed the presence of Coumarins, Flavonoids, steroids and tannins. The resazurin microtiter assay revealed inhibitory activity of Kigelia africana against MRSA isolates obtained from clinical hospital setting with the plant concentration 500 µg/mL exhibiting significant inhibitory activity than the positive control. Conclusion: The crude acetone fruit extract of Kigelia africana exhibited significant anti-microbial activity against MRSA, the study revealed inhibitory capabilities of the plant extract against MRSA colonies obtained from the clinical hospital setting.