A 33-year-old male livestock farmer was admitted to our hospital with high fever, night sweats, and back pain. Laboratory investigations revealed a white blood cell count of 7,500/uL, a C-reactive protein level of 68 mg/L, and an 80 mm/h erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Brucella Rose Bengal and Brucella Wright (1:320 titer) tests were positive. The lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with those of spondylodiscitis ( Figure 1). Treatment with gentamicin, rifampicin, and doxycycline was initiated based on the diagnosis of Brucella spondylodiscitis. Gentamicin was discontinued after 1 week, and the patient was discharged on an outpatient basis.

Candida glabrata is a yeast which incidence has increased in recent years and usually causes urogenital and bloodstream infections. Its resistance to fluconazole hinders C. glabrata infections treatment. This case report presents a case of candidemia and scrotal abscess caused by C. glabrata, which was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. The primary treatment options for C. glabrata candidemia are echinocandins and amphotericin B formulations. However, echinocandins and lipid-based amphotericin B formulations do not properly pass through the urinary system. Amphotericin B deoxycholate has a high risk of side effects and is difficult to obtain. The treatment option for candidemia caused by fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata secondary to urinary tract infection is unclear and there are no sufficient studies. For treatment, liposomal amphotericin B may be considered, especially for scrotal and prostatic fluconazole-resistant fungal abscesses. More studies comparing the penetration of antifungals into scrotal and prostatic tissue and the success of antifungal treatment in these tissue infections are needed.

Most SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic or cause only mild illness, but severe respiratory disease can develop, sometimes requiring oxygen support. Immunopathological damage resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response in patients with severe disease is known to be the main determinant of disease outcome. Studies show that anti-inflammatory therapies work best when used before widespread immunopathological damage has occurred. Similarly, it was thought that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)—holding multiple immunomodulatory effects—would provide clinically favorable results, but recent studies suggest otherwise. Still, the literature shows few studies evaluating the efficacy of IVIG according to the time of administration and there are no studies comparing it with established treatments, such as tocilizumab. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of early administration of tocilizumab and IVIG on clinical outcome in patients with severe COVID-19. Patients with progressive clinical and laboratory deterioration who received tocilizumab or IVIG between 07/2020 and 10/2020 in a public hospital ward were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 74 patients were identified, of whom 29 (39%) received IVIG only and 26 (35%) received tocilizumab only. As a result, patients with severe COVID-19 who received IVIG in early stages of the disease did not have better clinical outcomes regarding mortality, length of hospital stay and ICU admission compared to those who received tocilizumab. Moreover, there is no data to support the use of IVIG in COVID-19 patients with severe disease, as it is associated with more severe side effects and is more expensive than tocilizumab.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate changes in human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and vaccination intentions following a structured HPV educational intervention among medical students.Methods: This single-group, uncontrolled pretest-posttest study was conducted among 312 medical students in years 1-5 at Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine between February and June 2026. HPV knowledge was assessed using the validated Turkish 33-item HPV Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS). Attitudes toward HPV vaccination were evaluated using a 20-item Likert-type section, and vaccination intentions were assessed using matched pre- and post-intervention questions. Participants received a standardized face-to-face HPV educational intervention between the pretest and posttest assessments.Results: The total HPV-KS score increased from 19.37±5.89 to 23.57±4.08 (mean change, 4.20; 95% CI, 3.70-4.70; p