Objective: The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is a novel inflammatory biomarker for evaluating inflammatory status in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of PIV in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). Subjects and methods: The study included 376 patients with DTC who underwent curative resection. The PIV was calculated using the formula (neutrophils × monocytes × platelets)/lymphocytes. The TNM stages 3-4 were considered advanced. Patients were also categorized into low-, intermediate-, and [...] ABSTRACT Objective: The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is a novel inflammatory biomarker for evaluating inflammatory status in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of PIV in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). Subjects and methods: The study included 376 patients with DTC who underwent curative resection. The PIV was calculated using the formula (neutrophils × monocytes × platelets)/lymphocytes. The TNM stages 3-4 were considered advanced. Patients were also categorized into low-, intermediate-, and

This narrative review evaluates the current role of interventional radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid disorders. In patients with biochemically confirmed hyperparathyroidism but inconclusive or discordant preoperative localization imaging, image-guided interventions can help establish a diagnosis that can alter management. This review outlines the current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the study of parathyroid pathology from the interventional radiologist’s perspective, highlighting novel techniques and their growing clinical adoption. The combination of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the needle washout fluid can improve diagnostic specificity by providing biochemical evidence of parathyroid tissue. This is particularly useful for lesions that are difficult to differentiate from thyroid nodules or cervical lymph nodes based solely on imaging characteristics. Despite this, no widely accepted cut-off washout PTH level has yet been established. Due to the differences in assay techniques and laboratory procedures, results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and concomitant biochemical parameters. Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation techniques, especially radiofrequency and microwave ablation, have recently been reported as minimally invasive alternatives or adjuvants to surgery in appropriately selected patients. Evidence supporting parathyroid embolization is limited, but it may be considered a potential salvage option for persistent or recurrent disease. Given that most of the current evidence is derived from retrospective case series, multicenter prospective studies for technical standardization and long-term outcomes evaluation are clearly needed.

Objective: About 2% of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) scans show incidental focal thyroid uptake, with malignancy observed in 20%- 40% of such cases. International guidelines recommend fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for those thyroid nodules confirmed by ultrasonography. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of the American College of Radiology, European (Eu), and Korean thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) in the evaluation of thyroid incidentalomas detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, in order to increase cost-effectiveness by avoiding unnecessary FNAB procedures and to avoid overdiagnosis that may cause anxiety in patients. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of individuals who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging between 2019 and 2024. The study cohort consisted of patients whose 18F-FDG PET/CT scans showed focal thyroid uptake and who underwent FNAB after ultrasonographic evaluation. Results: A total of 236 nodules were included in the study, and 16.1% were malignant. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and all TIRADS systems to assess their diagnostic performance. The optimal cut-off value for SUVmax was 5.67. Among the ultrasound risk stratification systems (US RSSs), Eu-TIRADS demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance at the clinically accepted threshold of score ≥4, with a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 78.3%. In contrast, SUVmax >5.67 showed lower sensitivity (68.4%) and specificity (69.7%) compared with the US RSSs. Conclusion: The current study revealed that, for thyroid incidentalomas detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT, evaluation with FNAB is the appropriate approach for those with Eu-TIRADS score ≥ 4, regardless of nodule size. In this context, more comprehensive studies are needed. Cite this article as: .ztürk Y, Kocabaş M, Kaya B, Karak.se M. Evaluation of the performance of ultrasound risk stratification systems in predicting malignancy in incidental thyroid nodules detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A single-center retrospective study. Endocrinol Res Pract. Published online February 6, 2026. doi: 10.5152/erp.2026.25820.

Objective: Thyroid nodules diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) are one of the most challenging categories in thyroid cytopathology due to histopathological ambiguity and complexities in clinical management. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel malignancy risk scoring system integrating cytological subclassification and key ultrasonographic features. Subjects and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 357 patients who underwent thyroidectomy following an AUS cytology diagnosis. Cytological samples were subclassified as AUS-N [...] ABSTRACT Objective: Thyroid nodules diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) are one of the most challenging categories in thyroid cytopathology due to histopathological ambiguity and complexities in clinical management. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel malignancy risk scoring system integrating cytological subclassification and key ultrasonographic features. Subjects and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 357 patients who underwent thyroidectomy following an AUS cytology diagnosis. Cytological samples were subclassified as AUS-N