Introduction: In this study, a survey was prepared for urologists that asked about their primary choice of treatment for urolithiasis in daily practice and their answers were evaluated. Methods: The survey was prepared on the Google Docs website and it was sent to 1,016 urologists via email with 752 confirmed deliveries. In addition to the demographic questions about each participant’s age, gender, and institution, the survey presented case scenarios focusing on their preferred treatment modalities for distal ureteric, proximal ureteric, and renal calculi. The participating urologists were divided into two groups according to the frequency that they treat urolithiasis patients. Results: Of the 752 surveys delivered, 211 urologists (28.05%) responded and 204 answered all questions. According to the results, there were no significant differences between the treatment approaches and the other localizations, but there was a statistically significant difference for treatment approaches to lower pole stones between two groups. In response to the question of which stone treatment method was used less frequently, 124 (60.7%) participants answered that they used shock wave lithotripsy less in the last 10 years. Conclusion: The present study has shown that while the management of renal and ureteric calculi by Turkish urologists is highly varied, the overall treatment patterns are in accordance with the European Association of Urology guidelines. However, similar to the global trend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is less preferred by Turkish urologists.

Background/Objectives: Urinary system stone disease is an important health problem both clinically and economically due to its high recurrence rates. In this study, an innovative hybrid approach based on deep learning is proposed to predict the recurrence risk of stone disease. Methods: Patient data were divided into three subsets: anthropometric measurements (Part A), derived body composition indices (Part B), and other clinical and demographic information (Part C). Each data subset was processed with autoencoder models, and low-dimensional, meaningful features were extracted. The obtained features were combined, and the classification process was performed using four different machine learning algorithms: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Cubic Support Vector Machines (Cubic SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT). Results: According to the experimental results, the highest classification performance was obtained with the XGBoost algorithm. The suggested approach adds to the literature by offering a novel solution that makes early risk calculation for stone disease recurrence easier. It also shows how well structural feature engineering and deep representation can be integrated in clinical prediction issues. Conclusions: Prediction of the stone recurrence risk in advance is of great importance both in terms of improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the unnecessary diagnostic evaluations along with lowering treatment costs.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate current urologic practice regarding the management of priapism in Turkey and compare with international guidelines. Methods: Urologists and urology residents were invited to an online survey consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions on priapism-related clinical practices that were consid- ered most important and relevant to practices by using Google Forms. Results: Total number of responses was 340. Respondents reported that they recorded a detailed patient’s medical history and physical examination findings (n = 340, 100%) and laboratory testing, which includes corporal blood gas analysis (n=323, 95%). Participants announced that they performed Doppler ultrasound for 1/4 cases (n = 106, 31%), but 22% of the participants (n=75) replied that they performed in >75% of cases. Participants (n=311, 91%) responded that the first-line treatment of ischemic priapism is decompression of the corpus cavernosum. Moreover, most respondents (n = 320, 94%) stated that sympathomimetic injection drugs should be applied as the second step. About three-quarters of respondents (n = 247, 73%) indicated adrenaline as their drug of choice. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors seems to be the most pre- ferred drug for stuttering priapism (n=141, 41%). Participants (n=284, 84%) replied that corpora-glanular shunts should be preferred as the first. A large number of par- ticipants (n = 239, 70%) declared that magnetic resonance imaging can be performed in cases with delayed (>24 hours) priapism to diagnose corporal necrosis. Most of the participants (84%) responded that penile prosthesis should be preferred to shunts in cases with delayed (>48 hours) priapism. Conclusion: It would be appropriate to improve the training offered by professional associations and to give more training time to the management of priapism during residency. Cite this article as: Kalkanli A, Zeki Sönmez S, Guvel M, et al. Management of priapism: Results of a nationwide survey and comparison with international guidelines. Urol Res Pract. 2023;49(4):225-232.

Lipomas are the most common benign tumours that originate from adipose tissue and can develop in any anatomical location where the adipose tissue layer is present in the body. Penile lipoma cases are very rare in the literature. Our case is a 21‐year‐old male patient who underwent TIPU operation 8 years ago due to distal hypospadias. One year after the operation, a palpable swelling at the midline of the ventral portion of the penis occurred and this lesion grew over time. In this case report, we present a patient with lipoma that was developed in the surgical area 1 year after hypospadias surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first cases of penil lipoma related to hypospadias procedure.