The Serbian heating sector remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, leading to persistent exceedances of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants during winter and placing significant burdens on public health. This paper synthesizes evidence on air quality, health impacts, and the technical and spatial characteristics of geothermal resources, with particular emphasis on very shallow geothermal potentials (vSGP; ?10 m). vSGP systems, typically implemented as horizontal closed-loop collectors, can eliminate on-site combustion and associated local emissions while providing efficient heating and cooling year-round. Their performance depends on near-surface soil conditions (soil composition, grain size, moisture, insolation) and the integration of the system with heat pumps and low-temperature distribution. Distinct application pathways are emerging as rural and peri-urban areas favor horizontal collectors and dual land use, while compact urban zones require hybrid solutions, vertical drilling, or integration with modern low-temperature district heating. Despite clear environmental and social benefits, expansion is constrained by high initial costs, limited regulatory incentives, data gaps (0-10 m soil properties), and modest public awareness. The paper concludes that targeted pilot projects in health-relevant hotspots, stable financing mechanisms, simplified permitting and standards, and an open cadaster of shallow geothermal resources could enable scalable adoption, improve air quality, and advance Serbia?s climate and energy goals.

The subject of the research paper is the improvement of the nature protection of the natural monument "Miljakovac Forest" and the natural monument "Kosutnjak Forest". The task is to analyze the management of these protected areas, with an emphasis on the activities undertaken for their protection and on anthropogenic activities that have a negative impact on natural values. The aim of the work is to investigate the effectiveness of the activities undertaken for nature protection in NM "Kosutnjak Forest" and NM "Miljakovačka šuma" and to propose new protection measures in locations where the protection actions undertaken did not yield results. The research includes the analysis of physical-geographic characteristics, the analysis of criteria important for determining the effectiveness of actions for nature protection and the proposal of measures for more effective environmental protection. The methods used are analysis and synthesis, AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process), comparative method, statistical and cartographic method. The criteria included in the analysis are distance from forest paths, distance from roads, anthropogenic impact on individual locations, distance from settlements. The criteria were ranked from 1 to 5 according to importance, based on which they were processed using the AHP method. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), that is, using the program QGIS 3.16. the research results are presented in the form of maps.

The regeneration of brownfield sites in Belgrade represents an important component of sustainable urban development. Over the past two decades, Belgrade has experienced extensive redevelopment of brownfield sites, although these transformations have largely taken place without a coherent strategic framework for integrating the provision of public amenities with the needs and priorities of local communities. This study evaluates the regeneration potential of 23 brownfield sites representing different activation statuses using a multi-criteria assessment framework based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a case study, the proposed framework has practical applicability and can support decision-makers in the planning and activation of future brownfield sites by incorporating lessons learned from previous redevelopment processes. The ultimate contribution of this study therefore lies in bridging methodological assessment and practical decision-making, thereby supporting more sustainable, evidence-based, and context-sensitive brownfield regeneration. Thirteen criteria were grouped into three thematic categories: environmental safety; infrastructure development and spatial capacity; and quality of life and social well-being. The analysis integrated data from strategic planning documents, spatial datasets, satellite imagery, and field verification, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to process, spatially integrate, and visualize the results. The proposed framework integrates environmental, spatial, infrastructural, and social considerations to provide a systematic basis for assessing and prioritizing brownfield regeneration. The results indicate that brownfield activation in Belgrade has frequently occurred without sufficient alignment with a clearly defined urban development strategy. Brownfield sites have most commonly been converted into residential areas and shopping centers, while insufficient consideration has been given to the provision of green spaces, tourism-related uses, and potential environmental pressures. Sites located in the municipalities of Savski Venac and Rakovica demonstrate the greatest potential for the integration of green infrastructure. Based on the assessment results, three brownfield typologies were identified: sites suitable for ecological restoration and green corridor development; sites suitable for mixed-use regeneration incorporating public facilities; and sites requiring priority remediation before redevelopment. The findings provide practical guidance for environmental protection, urban safety, and multifunctional regeneration of post-industrial areas, while demonstrating the potential applicability of the proposed methodology to other urban areas facing similar brownfield regeneration challenges.

The subject of the research work is ecological and communal problems that have arisen as a result of inadequate planning of condominiums and absence of green areas or insufficient areas in relation to the number of inhabitants in the territory of the urban settlement of Belgrade. Condominiums as a housing solution have been implemented in detailed regulation plans, conceptual solutions and construction projects in the territory of Belgrade. However, the areas reserved for green infrastructure are insufficient and do not meet the needs of condominium residents. During the research, planning documents were analyzed and field research was carried out. Apart from the extensive documentation of the City of Belgrade regarding detailed regulation plans, individual projects were also analyzed to determine the level and degree of greening. Dominant ecological and communal problems caused by the absence of green areas affect the quality of life. The lack of green areas is a major problem for condominium residents because they cannot fulfill their needs - sports, recreation, walking, resting in the park. In this way, they are forced to use green areas in the immediate vicinity, which increases the anthropogenic pressure on those green areas that are most often not designed for such many people or to use green areas for limited purposes. The aim of the research is to determine the recent situation in certain condominiums within the boundaries of the urban settlement of Belgrade, but also to analyze the problems caused by the absence of green infrastructure. The results indicate the need to change and redefine the issuance of building permits and to change inadequate planning documents.

This study analyzes the reduction in the proportion of green areas in the Municipality of Zvezdara as a consequence of urbanization and infrastructure development. The research task is to identify the main drivers of green space loss, such as uncontrolled and illegal construction. Spatial changes are quantifi ed through satellite image analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with the aim of determining the environmental impacts and implications for residents' quality of life. The objective of the study is to emphasize the importance of preserving existing green areas and to propose measures for sustainable management and conservation of their spatial distribution. The methodology is based on the analysis of satellite imagery through GIS and the comparison of data across diff erent time periods to assess the reduction of green areas. Data sources include satellite images, urban planning documents, and relevant literature. In addition to desk research, fi ndings were validated through fi eld surveys. The results indicate a signifi cant loss of green areas, which adversely aff ects both the environment and the quality of life of the local population.