Assessing flash flood susceptibility is crucial for disaster management, yet Montenegro lacks research using geoinformation technologies. In northeastern Montenegro, the Ibar River Basin, mainly in Rožaje, has a well-developed hydrological network with torrential streams prone to flash flooding. This study compares two multi-criteria GIS decision analysis (GIS–MCDA) methodologies, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Best-Worst Method (BWM), for assessing flood susceptibility. The analysis uses the Flash Flood Susceptibility Index (FFSI), integrating geoenvironmental and climatic factors. The geoenvironmental criteria considered include terrain slope, distance from the drainage network, geology, land cover, drainage density, bare soil index, and the BIO16 variable, which represents the mean monthly precipitation of the wettest quarter to enhance precipitation pattern assessment. The AHP model classifies 2.78% of the area as high to very high susceptibility, while the BWM model identifies 3.21% in these categories. Both models perform excellently based on AUC values, with minor, non-significant differences. Sensitivity analysis shows AHP provides a more stable weight distribution, whereas BWM is more sensitive to weight changes, emphasizing dominant criteria more strongly. This study introduces BWM for the first time in flash flood modeling, demonstrating its suitability for susceptibility assessment. The key novelty lies in its comparative analysis with AHP, highlighting differences in weight distribution and model stability.

One of the biggest problems of environmental protection in Serbia is landfills. It is often a case that the economic interests are predominant in the landfill sitting; thus, most landfills are not located according to standards. This study shows that detailed geological data assets combined with geographical modeling represents a reliable way to define and locate the landfill site. Geological evaluation is discussed in detail with regard to bedrock lithology, quaternary geology, geological structure, hydrogeology, surface runoff patterns, and topography. An approach combining geographical modeling and geology is presented for determining the sites suitable for landfill selection with respect to their geologic favorability. As opposed to numerous research papers on this topic, in the methodological procedure, special importance is devoted to the analysis of the geological criteria. In this way, it is significantly easier to determine the landfill area with the best characteristics due to geological structure and lithology which unequivocally and precisely indicates inadequate territories for candidate sites. The multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is based on geological criteria upgraded with road (primary, residential, secondary, and tertiary), settlements network, railway, airport, infrastructure, land use, hypsometry aquifer, wetland, and surface water. The score values are divided into four classes, i.e., restricted areas, suitable but avoid, suitable, and most suitable. Combining geographical modeling with geology led to the recognition of two locations to be most favorable for landfill site located in the most suitable area, which represents 25.3% of the study area.

Golija Mountain, located in the southwestern part of Serbia, has been under protection as the Golija Nature Park since 2001. It is protected to preserve its forest ecosystems, diverse landscapes of exceptional beauty, and cultural heritage. Due to its natural and cultural values, the Golija Nature Park was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve under the name “Golija-Studenica” in the same year. In addition to its ecosystem values, due to the complex geological and geomorphological past, there are a significant number of geodiversity objects on the mountains in the park. Research on these geodiversity objects has been the focus of the park’s administration in recent years. This protected natural area faces several challenges, with the sustainable development of tourism being one of the most significant. The construction of a large ski center is planned, which has already triggered the spontaneous development of unregulated weekend settlements near the mountain’s highest peaks. Geotourism provides an alternative to this development. Geosites, as the most representative landscapes and landforms, serve as key attractions for geotourists. The main goal of this work was to find appropriate geoactivities related to geosites that will enhance the geotourism offer, all with the aim of achieving the sustainable development of the Golija Nature Park.

Tufa accumulations from the Gostilje River Basin and the Sopotnica River Basin in SW Serbia are represented by both active and fossil tufa precipitates. The aim of this study is to distinguish and describe different tufa facies and to determine the environmental conditions, based on stable isotope data. We also compare our analysis with other tufa deposits in Europe. Four facies are distinguished: moss tufa, algal tufa, stromatolitic laminated tufa, and phytoclastic tufa. The dominant constituent of all tufa samples is low Mg-calcite, whereas the presence of sylvite is noted in two samples from the Gostilje River Basin. The δ¹⁸O values range from −9.07‰ to −10.79‰ (mean value: −9.81‰), while the δ¹³C values range from −6.50‰ to −10.34‰ (mean values −9.01‰). The stable isotope values (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) indicate that these tufa deposits were precipitated from cold, ambient water supported by CO₂ of an atmospheric origin. We emphasize that this is the first data about stable isotope analyses of tufa deposits from Serbia.

The demand for critical raw materials is growing exponentially as the world rapidly evolves technologically towards the use and production of renewable and clean energy. To mitigate the consequences of climate change and move away from conventional fossil fuels, an increasing supply of critical, economically important, rare and heavily import-dependent raw materials is essential. These mineral raw materials are key components for a sustainable future with low CO2 emissions and are an indispensable resource for the development of a wide range of modern technologies, such as, electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, drones, military equipment, etc. For many years, the processing of mineral raw materials has been crucial to meeting industrial and social demand for energy and metals. The evolving green energy transition is primarily about meeting not only the world's growing energy needs, but also society's expectations of zero CO2 emissions by 2050 or earlier. Renewable energy will play a key role in achieving the green transition, but it will require critical minerals.

The Serbian heating sector remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, leading to persistent exceedances of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants during winter and placing significant burdens on public health. This paper synthesizes evidence on air quality, health impacts, and the technical and spatial characteristics of geothermal resources, with particular emphasis on very shallow geothermal potentials (vSGP; ?10 m). vSGP systems, typically implemented as horizontal closed-loop collectors, can eliminate on-site combustion and associated local emissions while providing efficient heating and cooling year-round. Their performance depends on near-surface soil conditions (soil composition, grain size, moisture, insolation) and the integration of the system with heat pumps and low-temperature distribution. Distinct application pathways are emerging as rural and peri-urban areas favor horizontal collectors and dual land use, while compact urban zones require hybrid solutions, vertical drilling, or integration with modern low-temperature district heating. Despite clear environmental and social benefits, expansion is constrained by high initial costs, limited regulatory incentives, data gaps (0-10 m soil properties), and modest public awareness. The paper concludes that targeted pilot projects in health-relevant hotspots, stable financing mechanisms, simplified permitting and standards, and an open cadaster of shallow geothermal resources could enable scalable adoption, improve air quality, and advance Serbia?s climate and energy goals.