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This paper builds on the lead author’s keynote address to the Design Society’s 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design in 2019, and in doing so provides a personal perspective on the development of the field of design for sustainability. It begins by describing some of the history of the research from the late 1980s until the present day. This is followed by an analysis of the way in which design for sustainability has been reflected within the International Conference on Engineering Design over the last 30 years, highlighting the way in which the focus has shifted over this time from a focus on recycling and end of life to today where sustainability is playing a leading role in the research. The analysis compares the evolution of the subject with the wider policy and practice perspectives linked to global recognition of the need to move towards Sustainable Development. Finally, the paper reflects on the lessons to be learned from this work and their implications for design research illustrating that engineering design has an opportunity to take more leadership within design for sustainability research and use this to enable change within industry.
Tracy Bhamra; Ricardo J. Hernandez. Thirty years of design for sustainability: an evolution of research, policy and practice. Design Science 2021, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleTracy Bhamra, Ricardo J. Hernandez. Thirty years of design for sustainability: an evolution of research, policy and practice. Design Science. 2021; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTracy Bhamra; Ricardo J. Hernandez. 2021. "Thirty years of design for sustainability: an evolution of research, policy and practice." Design Science 7, no. : 1.
Education for sustainable development (ESD) in schools requires a whole-school approach to ensure that all stakeholders, including students, value sustainability and express this value in an active engagement in the ongoing development process. Such inclusivity however is rarely achieved, with benefits of ESD in schools usually recognised only by a select few. School strategies that continue to dominate research focus on management of the finite resources or give emphasis to a particular pedagogical agenda, whereas approaches that emphasise whole-school ESD engagement are scarce. This paper aims to address this gap. To do so, we propose to frame schools as service organisations and use service logic approach and service innovation theory to review how five primary schools in England define and implement ESD. The findings from our comparative case study discuss three strategies that schools as service organisations need to consider: defining sustainable student experience as a core service concept, developing an organisational culture of sustainability-driven innovation, and engaging in a value co-creation process with external stakeholders in order to facilitate the concept. Our results suggest that by placing “sustainable student experience” as the core service concept, schools can align their external and internal organisational activities to enable sustainable education for all stakeholders.
Ksenija Kuzmina; Rhoda Trimingham; Tracy Bhamra. Organisational Strategies for Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in the UK Primary Schools: A Service Innovation Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9549 .
AMA StyleKsenija Kuzmina, Rhoda Trimingham, Tracy Bhamra. Organisational Strategies for Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in the UK Primary Schools: A Service Innovation Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKsenija Kuzmina; Rhoda Trimingham; Tracy Bhamra. 2020. "Organisational Strategies for Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in the UK Primary Schools: A Service Innovation Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9549.
Food waste is emerging as a global issue and has been recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals with a specific target to halve per capita global food waste at consumer levels and reduce food losses by 2030. Research on food waste has been neglected particularly in the aviation sector. The International Air Transport Association reported that 5.7 million tonnes of cabin waste was generated on airlines, up to 80.5% of which was leftover food and beverages. The exploration of passengers’ food wasting aims to provide insights for tackling the airline food waste problem. To address this issue, this research investigated the in-flight catering experience of 19 passengers from 21 full-service flights. Qualitative research techniques have been applied to analyse passengers’ food-wasting behaviour by collecting participant-produced photographs and completed questionnaires concerning food-related behaviour. This research identified key factors associated with passengers’ food wasting behaviour by adopting Design for Sustainable Behaviour approaches. Four types of factors were found to influence onboard passenger waste, these were normative, habitual, intentional and situational factors. This research indicates that behavioural change interventions need to incorporate the power of social norms to prevent food waste.
Fangzhou You; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8571 .
AMA StyleFangzhou You, Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFangzhou You; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2020. "Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8571.
Design for Sustainability is not the panacea we hoped it would be when it was first introduced in the latter part of the 20th century. Today, the health of both our environment and our societies is at a critical state, a breaking point, with piecemeal solutions offered as social-media-friendly rallying points, such as the European Parliament approved ban on single-use plastics, whilst fundamental, and arguably less ‘exciting’, issues such as loss of biodiversity, overpopulation, and climate change are shuffled to the back. It can be argued, however, that the awareness of the concept of sustainability and the need to reduce the negative human impact upon the environment and society has grown significantly and, consequently, has moved up the global agenda; this is evidenced by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference. However, it is also clear that the role of Design for Sustainability within this agenda is not providing the solutions necessary to manifest the level of change required. Traditional approaches are not working. This Special Issue of Sustainability seeks to readdress this with eight papers that push the frontier of what Design for Sustainability could be—and possibly must be—across the broad spectrum of design disciplines.
Garrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra. Design for Sustainability: The Need for a New Agenda. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3615 .
AMA StyleGarrath T. Wilson, Tracy Bhamra. Design for Sustainability: The Need for a New Agenda. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra. 2020. "Design for Sustainability: The Need for a New Agenda." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3615.
Sustainable design is often practiced and assessed through the consideration of three essential areas: economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. For even the simplest of products, the complexities of these three areas and their tradeoffs cause decision-making transparency to be lost in most practical situations. The existing field of multiobjective optimization offers a natural framework to define and explore a given design space. In this paper, a method for defining a product’s sustainability space (defined by economic, environmental, and social sustainability objectives) is outlined and used to explore the tradeoffs within the space, thus offering both the design team and the decision makers a means of better understanding the sustainability tradeoffs. This paper concludes that sustainable product development can indeed benefit from tradeoff characterization using multiobjective optimization techniques – even when using only basic models of sustainability. Interestingly, the unique characteristics of the three essential sustainable development areas lead to an alternative view of some traditional multiobjective optimization concepts, such as weak-Pareto optimality. The sustainable redesign of a machine to drill boreholes for water wells is presented as a practical example for method demonstration and discussion.
Christopher A. Mattson; Andrew T. Pack; Vicky Lofthouse; Tracy Bhamra. Using a Product’s Sustainability Space as a Design Exploration Tool. Design Science 2019, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleChristopher A. Mattson, Andrew T. Pack, Vicky Lofthouse, Tracy Bhamra. Using a Product’s Sustainability Space as a Design Exploration Tool. Design Science. 2019; 5 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher A. Mattson; Andrew T. Pack; Vicky Lofthouse; Tracy Bhamra. 2019. "Using a Product’s Sustainability Space as a Design Exploration Tool." Design Science 5, no. : 1.
Sustainability is no longer an optional facet of production. Concrete actions are needed from every actor in society to achieve more efficient, responsible, and innovative ways of producing, consuming, and living. Businesses, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are key actors in the drive toward sustainability. Product Service Systems (PSS) are an alternative for SMEs willing to make the transition towards more sustainable operations, but they remain an unknown quantity for many companies. In this article we present findings from two recent studies on the design of sustainable PSS for SMEs. Our main objectives are to inform designers, design managers, and policymakers about the advantages a sustainable PSS offers to SMEs seeking more sustainable operations, and discuss SMEs’ operational needs should they wish to innovate using PSS.
Tracy Bhamra; Ricardo J. Hernandez; Yaone Rapitsenyane; Rhoda Trimingham. Product Service Systems: A Sustainable Design Strategy for SMEs in the Textiles and Leather Sectors. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 2018, 4, 229 -248.
AMA StyleTracy Bhamra, Ricardo J. Hernandez, Yaone Rapitsenyane, Rhoda Trimingham. Product Service Systems: A Sustainable Design Strategy for SMEs in the Textiles and Leather Sectors. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation. 2018; 4 (3):229-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTracy Bhamra; Ricardo J. Hernandez; Yaone Rapitsenyane; Rhoda Trimingham. 2018. "Product Service Systems: A Sustainable Design Strategy for SMEs in the Textiles and Leather Sectors." She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 4, no. 3: 229-248.
In order for service designers to work towards transformational change within organisations, they need to be able to envision what that change looks like at an organisational level. This paper presents a case study of a content model to represent such knowledge. The model represents education for sustainable development (ESD) as a vision of a new service provided by schools to students. It draws on empirical data collected from five schools, organisational change theory and service thinking to show the service/user relationship that needs to be developed at a school level to move schools towards the provision of ESD. The model was tested with seven service designers through in-depth interviews. The findings support understanding and usability of the model in the design process as a tool for transformation but also highlight barriers that a model as a stand-alone tool presents.
Rhoda Trimingham; Ksenija Kuzmina; Tracy Bhamra. Content model as a tool for re-designing services at transformational level: case study of education for sustainable development. J. of Design Research 2018, 16, 1 .
AMA StyleRhoda Trimingham, Ksenija Kuzmina, Tracy Bhamra. Content model as a tool for re-designing services at transformational level: case study of education for sustainable development. J. of Design Research. 2018; 16 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRhoda Trimingham; Ksenija Kuzmina; Tracy Bhamra. 2018. "Content model as a tool for re-designing services at transformational level: case study of education for sustainable development." J. of Design Research 16, no. 1: 1.
Debra Lilley; Garrath Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Marcus Hanratty; Tang Tang. Design interventions for sustainable behaviour. Design for Behaviour Change 2017, 40 -57.
AMA StyleDebra Lilley, Garrath Wilson, Tracy Bhamra, Marcus Hanratty, Tang Tang. Design interventions for sustainable behaviour. Design for Behaviour Change. 2017; ():40-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDebra Lilley; Garrath Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Marcus Hanratty; Tang Tang. 2017. "Design interventions for sustainable behaviour." Design for Behaviour Change , no. : 40-57.
This paper draws on the findings of a Department for Environment and Rural Affairs funded collaborative research project run by the Loughborough Design School in collaboration with Boots Alliance GmbH and presents guidelines for design teams regarding the design of successful, sustainable, refillable packaging. The study focused on “body wash” products in the area of personal care.A broad range of qualitative methods were used to create a background framework, develop design concepts, and test the viability of the design solutions. Two concepts were turned into high-fidelity prototypes and tested in multi-activity user focus groups. The prototypes were also evaluated from an environmental perspective using the Eco Indicator 99.Discussion is focused around general findings regarding refillable packing and also on specific findings related to “concentrates mixed in the parent pack.” The findings from this study have dramatically increased levels of understanding about the potential implications of refillable packaging and how it might be successfully used by business. A range of guidelines for the design of refills have been identified, which help to build a clearer picture of the requirements of successful refillable packaging design. Additionally, a much more detailed understanding of consumer perceptions, business challenges/opportunities, and environmental savings associated with “concentrated refills that are mixed in the parent pack,” has been identified.It has been seen that to be successful refills must perform for the consumer, the environment, and business, and although this may sound unsurprising, it is challenging to achieve. It means they must offer good quality; be very easy to use and appropriately delivered; be clearly communicated; be offered through a brand consumers like; and represent good value, whilst radically reducing the amount of packaging manufactured and distributed. Incorporating carefully considered consumer and environmental needs into the brief is critical to the successful development of refillable packaging.
Vicky Lofthouse; Rhoda Trimingham; Tracy Bhamra. Reinventing refills: guidelines for design. Packaging Technology and Science 2017, 30, 809 -818.
AMA StyleVicky Lofthouse, Rhoda Trimingham, Tracy Bhamra. Reinventing refills: guidelines for design. Packaging Technology and Science. 2017; 30 (12):809-818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVicky Lofthouse; Rhoda Trimingham; Tracy Bhamra. 2017. "Reinventing refills: guidelines for design." Packaging Technology and Science 30, no. 12: 809-818.
The paradigm of design is changing. Designers now need to be equipped with the skills and knowledge that will enable them to participate in the global move towards a sustainable future. The challenges arise as Design for Sustainability deals with very complex and often contradictory issues. Collaborative learning experiences recognise that these complex issues can be addressed with the pooling of diverse knowledge, perspectives, cultures, skills and tools. Unless, however the process of collaboration is explored in detail, the opportunity for reflection, learning and improvement is lost. This paper proposes that by introducing and analysing collaboration within third level design education, the capacity for responsible design practice can be developed, leading to a transformative shift in how designers are taught as students and subsequently practice as professionals. Over two multidisciplinary projects devised and undertaken by design students from the University of Limerick (Ireland), Hogeschool Utrecht (Netherlands) and Virginia Commonwealth University (USA), the collaborative path is mapped and critical junctions identified. From this process of mapping and visualisation, collective narratives of the overall project experience are constructed (through the eyes of the participants and planners). This leads to a greater understanding and appreciation of the benefits and limitations of the collaborative experience.
Muireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. Mapping the journey: visualising collaborative experiences for sustainable design education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education 2016, 27, 595 -609.
AMA StyleMuireann McMahon, Tracy Bhamra. Mapping the journey: visualising collaborative experiences for sustainable design education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 2016; 27 (4):595-609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. 2016. "Mapping the journey: visualising collaborative experiences for sustainable design education." International Journal of Technology and Design Education 27, no. 4: 595-609.
Sustainable design involves three essential areas: economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. For even the simplest of products, the complexities of these three areas and their tradeoffs cause decision-making transparency to be lost in most practical situations. The existing field of multiobjective optimization offers a natural framework to explore the tradeoffs in the sustainability space (defined by economic, environmental, and social sustainability issues), thus offering both the designer and the decision makers a means of understanding the sustainability tradeoffs. To facilitate this, a decision making approach that capitalizes on the principles and power of multiobjective optimization is presented. This paper concludes that sustainable development can indeed benefit from tradeoff characterization using multiobjective optimization techniques — even when using only basic models of sustainability. Interestingly, the unique characteristics of the three essential sustainable development areas lead to an alternative view of some traditional multiobjective optimization concepts, such as weak Pareto optimality. The sustainable engineering design of a hypodermic needle is presented as a simple hypothetical example for method demonstration and discussion.
Christopher A. Mattson; Vicky Lofthouse; Tracy Bhamra. Exploring Decision Tradeoffs in Sustainable Design. Volume 4: 20th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 9th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems 2015, 1 .
AMA StyleChristopher A. Mattson, Vicky Lofthouse, Tracy Bhamra. Exploring Decision Tradeoffs in Sustainable Design. Volume 4: 20th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 9th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems. 2015; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher A. Mattson; Vicky Lofthouse; Tracy Bhamra. 2015. "Exploring Decision Tradeoffs in Sustainable Design." Volume 4: 20th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 9th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems , no. : 1.
Muireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. Social Sustainability in Design: Moving the Discussions Forward. The Design Journal 2015, 18, 367 -391.
AMA StyleMuireann McMahon, Tracy Bhamra. Social Sustainability in Design: Moving the Discussions Forward. The Design Journal. 2015; 18 (3):367-391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. 2015. "Social Sustainability in Design: Moving the Discussions Forward." The Design Journal 18, no. 3: 367-391.
Garrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2015, 8, 1 -10.
AMA StyleGarrath T. Wilson, Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2015; 8 (3):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2015. "The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 1-10.
Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2015, 8, 146 -147.
AMA StyleTracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2015; 8 (3):146-147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2015. "IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 146-147.
One of the enduring problems of researching and designing digital technologies for the home is that both media technologies and uses tend to be dispersed spatially and temporally throughout the environment and routines of home. This raises a number of methodologically challenging issues: how digital media technologies are situated amongst other technologies; how materialities and textures shape the experience of home; the ways in which practices of media use are entangled with the other activities and practices that are part of the routines of home; and how digital media content and communications create part of a wider ecology of communication and interaction in home environments. In this article, we outline a methodological and practical response to these questions and describe its application through the development of tailored interdisciplinary research methods.
Val Mitchell; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Sarah Pink; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Garrath Wilson; Tracy Bhamra. Situating Digital Interventions: Mixed Methods for HCI Research in the Home. Interacting with Computers 2014, 27, 3 -12.
AMA StyleVal Mitchell, Kerstin Leder Mackley, Sarah Pink, Carolina Escobar-Tello, Garrath Wilson, Tracy Bhamra. Situating Digital Interventions: Mixed Methods for HCI Research in the Home. Interacting with Computers. 2014; 27 (1):3-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVal Mitchell; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Sarah Pink; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Garrath Wilson; Tracy Bhamra. 2014. "Situating Digital Interventions: Mixed Methods for HCI Research in the Home." Interacting with Computers 27, no. 1: 3-12.
This is a conference paper it was presented at 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. The definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641551In this paper, we present an alternative and novel approach to identifying energy demand reduction opportunities in the home. Through the creation of detailed narratives informed by our interdisciplinary research team of social scientists, designers and engineers, we employ a systemic view of how energy is consumed in the home. By interrogating clusters of people, objects and resources through time and space as they come together within our qualitative and quantitative research, we have identified opportunities for sustainable HCI design. This paper outlines our approach and presents an example product concept in relation to laundry
Garrath Wilson; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Tracy Bhamra; Sarah Pink. PORTS. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleGarrath Wilson, Kerstin Leder Mackley, Val Mitchell, Tracy Bhamra, Sarah Pink. PORTS. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. 2014; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrath Wilson; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Tracy Bhamra; Sarah Pink. 2014. "PORTS." Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing , no. : 1.
As competition increases and becomes even more globalised, manufacturing companies continue to search for new value creation business strategies. Traditional value creation approaches often disconnect producers from customers at the point of sale. Design innovation has the capacity to encompass product and service contexts of offerings increasing the opportunity to sell, promoting sustainability and long term relationships with customers and other stakeholders. This paper explores factors affecting SMEs competitiveness and their perceptions of sustainability and product service systems. Findings from interviews with eighteen SMEs in the leather industry in Botswana show that with a lack of design innovation there is a culture of copying among SMEs who continue to fail to sell in a small domestic market infiltrated by an influx of cheap imports. Following SMEs positive perceptions of design, PSS and sustainability, opportunities to engage SMEs are identified mainly driven by SMEs need for financial benefits. The paper concludes by recommendations from some best practice exemplars, proposing further research for driving competitiveness through design capabilities and sustainable PSS.
Yaone Rapitsenyane; Tracy Bhamra; Rhoda Trimingham. Competitiveness experiences of Botswana SMEs in the leather industry and their perceptions of sustainability and product service systems. 2014 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) 2014, 1 -9.
AMA StyleYaone Rapitsenyane, Tracy Bhamra, Rhoda Trimingham. Competitiveness experiences of Botswana SMEs in the leather industry and their perceptions of sustainability and product service systems. 2014 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE). 2014; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaone Rapitsenyane; Tracy Bhamra; Rhoda Trimingham. 2014. "Competitiveness experiences of Botswana SMEs in the leather industry and their perceptions of sustainability and product service systems." 2014 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) , no. : 1-9.
Today there is an impetus on professional designers to practice in a responsible and ‘sustainable' manner, with equal emphasis on society, economy and environment (Fletcher & Dewberry, 2002). This is an enormous challenge as the competencies needed to develop these types of holistic solutions are extremely complex. This chapter describes a Pedagogical Innovation in the discipline of Product Design regarding the important role international collaborative projects can play in introducing these competencies into design practice. Iterative cycles of Action Research describe three such projects. A brief over-view of the project logistics is followed by an analysis of the participant experiences. The findings show that building capacity for sustainable design, through collaboration, is not a simple or ‘one size fits all' approach. The research learning advises on how future projects should be structured and delivered and how the competencies acquired could bring about a change in designers behaviours towards a more sustainable future.
Muireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. Sharing the Load. Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability 2014, 1 -26.
AMA StyleMuireann McMahon, Tracy Bhamra. Sharing the Load. Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability. 2014; ():1-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuireann McMahon; Tracy Bhamra. 2014. "Sharing the Load." Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability , no. : 1-26.
Sociological appropriations of practice theory as applied to sustainable design have successfully problematized overly simplistic and individualistic models of consumer choice and behavior change. By taking everyday practices as the principal units of analysis, they move towards acknowledging the socially and materially structured nature of human activity. However, to inform sustainable HCI we also need to understand how practices are part of wider experiential environments and flows of practical activity. In this article, we develop an approach rooted in phenomenological anthropology and sensory ethnography. This approach builds on theories of place, perception and movement and enables us to situate practices, and understand practical activity, as emplaced within complex and shifting ecologies of things. Drawing on an interdisciplinary study of domestic energy consumption and digital media use, we discuss ethnographic and design practice examples. We demonstrate how this theoretical and methodological framework can be aligned with the 3rd paradigm of HCI.
Sarah Pink; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Marcus Hanratty; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Tracy Bhamra; Roxana Morosanu. Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2013, 20, 1 -18.
AMA StyleSarah Pink, Kerstin Leder Mackley, Val Mitchell, Marcus Hanratty, Carolina Escobar-Tello, Tracy Bhamra, Roxana Morosanu. Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 2013; 20 (4):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Pink; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Marcus Hanratty; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Tracy Bhamra; Roxana Morosanu. 2013. "Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 20, no. 4: 1-18.
Sarah Pink; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Marcus Hanratty; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Tracy Bhamra; Roxana Moroşanu. Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2013, 20, 1 -18.
AMA StyleSarah Pink, Kerstin Leder Mackley, Val Mitchell, Marcus Hanratty, Carolina Escobar-Tello, Tracy Bhamra, Roxana Moroşanu. Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 2013; 20 (4):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Pink; Kerstin Leder Mackley; Val Mitchell; Marcus Hanratty; Carolina Escobar-Tello; Tracy Bhamra; Roxana Moroşanu. 2013. "Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 20, no. 4: 1-18.