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D. Lilley
School of Design and Creative Arts, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK

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Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Food waste is emerging as a global issue and has been recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals with a specific target to halve per capita global food waste at consumer levels and reduce food losses by 2030. Research on food waste has been neglected particularly in the aviation sector. The International Air Transport Association reported that 5.7 million tonnes of cabin waste was generated on airlines, up to 80.5% of which was leftover food and beverages. The exploration of passengers’ food wasting aims to provide insights for tackling the airline food waste problem. To address this issue, this research investigated the in-flight catering experience of 19 passengers from 21 full-service flights. Qualitative research techniques have been applied to analyse passengers’ food-wasting behaviour by collecting participant-produced photographs and completed questionnaires concerning food-related behaviour. This research identified key factors associated with passengers’ food wasting behaviour by adopting Design for Sustainable Behaviour approaches. Four types of factors were found to influence onboard passenger waste, these were normative, habitual, intentional and situational factors. This research indicates that behavioural change interventions need to incorporate the power of social norms to prevent food waste.

ACS Style

Fangzhou You; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8571 .

AMA Style

Fangzhou You, Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8571.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fangzhou You; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2020. "Why Is Airline Food Always Dreadful? Analysis of Factors Influencing Passengers’ Food Wasting Behaviour." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8571.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Waste Management
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Hibernation, the dead storage period when a mobile phone is still retained by the user at its end-of-life, is both a common and a significant barrier to the effective flow of time-sensitive stock value within a circular economic model. In this paper we present the findings of a survey of 181 mobile phone owners, aged between 18-25years old, living and studying in the UK, which explored mobile phone ownership, reasons for hibernation, and replacement motives. This paper also outlines and implements a novel mechanism for quantifying the mean hibernation period based on the survey findings. The results show that only 33.70% of previously owned mobile phones were returned back into the system. The average duration of ownership of mobile phones kept and still in hibernation was 4years 11months, with average use and hibernation durations of 1year 11months, and 3years respectively; on average, mobile phones that are kept by the user are hibernated for longer than they are ever actually used as primary devices. The results also indicate that mobile phone replacement is driven primarily by physical (technological, functional and absolute) obsolescence, with economic obsolescence, partly in response to the notion of being 'due an upgrade', also featuring significantly. We also identify in this paper the concept of a secondary phone, a recently replaced phone that holds a different function for the user than their primary phone but is still valued and intentionally retained by the user, and which, we conclude, should be accounted for in any reverse logistics strategy.

ACS Style

Garrath T. Wilson; Grace Smalley; James R. Suckling; Debra Lilley; Jacquetta Lee; Richard Mawle. The hibernating mobile phone: Dead storage as a barrier to efficient electronic waste recovery. Waste Management 2017, 60, 521 -533.

AMA Style

Garrath T. Wilson, Grace Smalley, James R. Suckling, Debra Lilley, Jacquetta Lee, Richard Mawle. The hibernating mobile phone: Dead storage as a barrier to efficient electronic waste recovery. Waste Management. 2017; 60 ():521-533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garrath T. Wilson; Grace Smalley; James R. Suckling; Debra Lilley; Jacquetta Lee; Richard Mawle. 2017. "The hibernating mobile phone: Dead storage as a barrier to efficient electronic waste recovery." Waste Management 60, no. : 521-533.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2016 in Materials & Design
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This paper presents the findings of a user study which explored tactile and aesthetic responses to new and artificially aged mobile phone cases made from bamboo, walnut, cork, leather, brushed titanium, plastic and rubber. The paper outlines test methods for accelerated ageing of the external enclosures of consumer electronics based on the types of wear experienced in use, and the use of semantic differential scales (SDS) to probe user attitudes to these materials. The results indicate that preferences for the materials tested were extremely subjective, and even a single participant can have conflicting requirements for the characteristics of the materials (for example, sleek and shiny yet easy to grip). Whilst in general participants preferred the new materials and saw the ageing process as negative, there were examples where the aged samples either scored more highly due to durability (titanium) or received positive comments about the aesthetic changes caused by severe ageing (bamboo and leather). This study captured the participants' immediate, visceral response to the materials, which may be very different to their feelings towards materials and objects that they have owned and interacted with for a period of time.

ACS Style

D. Lilley; G. Smalley; B. Bridgens; G.T. Wilson; K. Balasundaram. Cosmetic obsolescence? User perceptions of new and artificially aged materials. Materials & Design 2016, 101, 355 -365.

AMA Style

D. Lilley, G. Smalley, B. Bridgens, G.T. Wilson, K. Balasundaram. Cosmetic obsolescence? User perceptions of new and artificially aged materials. Materials & Design. 2016; 101 ():355-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Lilley; G. Smalley; B. Bridgens; G.T. Wilson; K. Balasundaram. 2016. "Cosmetic obsolescence? User perceptions of new and artificially aged materials." Materials & Design 101, no. : 355-365.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2015 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Increasing economic growth coupled with rapidly expanding populations in developing countries has led to the emergence of a large “consumer class”. This rapid increase in consumption has altered household consumption behaviour and resource use, often adversely affecting their environmental footprint. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand the effect culture has on product interactions, particularly when designing new products and systems for emerging markets. This paper presents the findings of an in depth user study which set out to explore the effect of culture on household resource use. In depth, qualitative user research was undertaken into the laundry procedure in three regions. In-context interviews, observations and household tours were carried out in 19 households across three sites; The East Midlands, UK; Curitiba, Brazil; and Bangalore, India. Findings show significantly different behaviours in washing techniques, routine, consumption patterns and aspirations. The results inform the development of a methodological cultural resource as well as set of 7 design guidelines to understand the effect of designing interventions for sustainable behaviour in different cultural contexts.

ACS Style

Jak Spencer; Debra Lilley; Samantha Porter. The opportunities that different cultural contexts create for sustainable design: a laundry care example. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015, 107, 279 -290.

AMA Style

Jak Spencer, Debra Lilley, Samantha Porter. The opportunities that different cultural contexts create for sustainable design: a laundry care example. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015; 107 ():279-290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jak Spencer; Debra Lilley; Samantha Porter. 2015. "The opportunities that different cultural contexts create for sustainable design: a laundry care example." Journal of Cleaner Production 107, no. : 279-290.

Introduction
Published: 12 March 2015 in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
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ACS Style

Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2015, 8, 146 -147.

AMA Style

Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2015; 8 (3):146-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2015. "IJSE special issue: Design for Sustainable Behaviour." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 146-147.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2015 in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
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ACS Style

Garrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2015, 8, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Garrath T. Wilson, Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley. The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2015; 8 (3):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garrath T. Wilson; Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley. 2015. "The considerations and limitations of feedback as a strategy for behaviour change." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 1-10.

Articles
Published: 10 March 2015 in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
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Traditional research into sustainable design has typically focused on reducing the environmental impact of products during the manufacture and disposal stages of a products' lifecycle. The last decade, however, has seen an explosion of research into understanding and moderating user behaviour during the use phase of a products' lifecycle; often the most resource-intensive phase. One of the biggest factors that affects behaviour is a users cultural context; however, the effect of cultural context on design for sustainable behaviour has had little exploration in this relatively new research field. In this article the findings from in-depth qualitative research with middle-income households in Brazil, India and the UK are presented with respect to laundry behaviours. Laundry was chosen as the study topic as it is one of the world's most widespread household chores with significant resource implications. The results reveal the vast differences in laundry behaviours between the regions and the implications this has for designers looking to create new products for sustainable behaviour. Finally, changes to current theoretical models of the laundry routine and the design implications of cultural context are discussed using established cultural tools, such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions.

ACS Style

Jak Spencer; Debra Lilley; Samantha Porter. The implications of cultural differences in laundry behaviours for design for sustainable behaviour: A case study between the UK, India and Brazil. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2015, 8, 196 -205.

AMA Style

Jak Spencer, Debra Lilley, Samantha Porter. The implications of cultural differences in laundry behaviours for design for sustainable behaviour: A case study between the UK, India and Brazil. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2015; 8 (3):196-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jak Spencer; Debra Lilley; Samantha Porter. 2015. "The implications of cultural differences in laundry behaviours for design for sustainable behaviour: A case study between the UK, India and Brazil." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 3: 196-205.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2011 in The Design Journal
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Sustainable design takes into account environmental, economic and social impacts enacted throughout the product lifecycle. Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) is an emerging activity under the banner of sustainable design which aims to reduce products' environmental and social impact by moderating how users interact with them. This paper presents the results of research investigating the application of Design for Sustainable Behaviour in two product case studies, one examining social impacts of mobile phones and the other environmental impacts of household refrigerators. It analyses selected behaviour models from social-psychological theories and highlights the barriers to sustainable consumption. A model is developed to illustrate the factors stimulating changes in behaviour, and design intervention strategies are highlighted and their application within Design for Sustainable Behaviour discussed. The two case studies are used to illustrate how Design for Sustainable Behaviour could be applied to enable users to adopt more sustainable patterns of use. Conclusions are drawn as to the potential for designers to change use behaviour; the appropriateness and acceptability of the strategies presented; and the ethical considerations related to their selection.

ACS Style

Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley; Tang Tang. Design for Sustainable Behaviour: Using Products to Change Consumer Behaviour. The Design Journal 2011, 14, 427 -445.

AMA Style

Tracy Bhamra, Debra Lilley, Tang Tang. Design for Sustainable Behaviour: Using Products to Change Consumer Behaviour. The Design Journal. 2011; 14 (4):427-445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tracy Bhamra; Debra Lilley; Tang Tang. 2011. "Design for Sustainable Behaviour: Using Products to Change Consumer Behaviour." The Design Journal 14, no. 4: 427-445.