Anzer honey is produced Turkey's famous Anzer Plateau with rich vegetation in the Eastern Black Sea region.This is the first extensive investigation of the bioactive characteristics of Anzer honey. For this purpose, melissopalinological analysis, total phenolic and flavonoid substances, polyphenolic profile and total antioxidant capacity of honey, ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP) and free radical scavenging capacity of samples were measured by picryhydrazil (DPPH) method. According to the results of the study, the total phenolic content of Anzer honey was 26.92 gallic acid/100g and the total flavonoid substance was 2.79. In the analysis of phenolic compounds of the Anzer honeys, daidzein and syringic acid were not detected. The major phenolic compounds in the honey were, in descending order, pinocembrin, hesperidin, chrysin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, caffeic acid phenyl acid (CAPE), p-OH benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and minor levels of myricetin, luteolin, rutin, resveratrol, epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and gallic acid, were also determined. The mean FRAP and DPPH values of the anzer honeys were found to be 110.11 μmolTrolox/100g, and 49.12mg/ml respectively. As a result, although Anzer honeys are not rich in phenolic contents, they are attractive in terms of phenolic compounds.

Mad honey or rhododendron honey containing grayanotoxins possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was planned to evaluate the effects of topical application of mad honey on wound healing in diabetic rats. Dorsal skin wounds were created under anesthesia in male Wistar albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus randomly divided into three groups (each n = 28). Group I received topical 0.09% saline solution, Group II received terramycin, and Group III received mad honey. Wound tissues were collected after decapitation on days 3, 7, 14, or 19 post-wounding. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were determined using quantitative methods. Gene expressions of the inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and of the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-10 (IL-10) were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Wound tissues were also subjected to histopathological examination. Significantly lower MDA levels and TNF-α and MMP-9 expression, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and IL-10 expression were observed in the mad honey group (Group III) compared with Group I. These parameters exhibited similar changes in Group II compared with Group I. In conclusion, the topical use of mad honey improves the healing of diabetic wounds in examined rats.

Objectives: To determine the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced breast cancer and to compare this with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Material and methods: Fifty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Except control group (n=8, Group I) others received MNU (50 mg/kg, a single dose, i.p.) to develop breast cancer: Group II (n=8) untreated, Group III (n=7) treated with paclitaxel (15 mg/kg/week, 3 times, i.p.), Group IV (n=7) with RJ (by oral gavage, 100 mg/kg/day, for 30 days), and Group V (n=7), with paclitaxel+RJ. At the end of 30 days, histopathological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in breast tissues. Results: Levels of protein carbonyl (PC) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were higher in Group V than in Group II while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in groups IV and V compared to Group II (p<0.05). Levels of catalase (CAT) in Group V and glutathione (GSH) in Group III were higher than Group II (p<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels did not significantly different. Decreasing effect of RJ on CA15-3 levels was relevant to histopathological results. Conclusion: Although RJ (with or without paclitaxel) had increasing effect of antioxidant status it was insufficient to reduce oxidative stress in breast cancer.

Yapılan bu çalışma ile Türkiye'nin Marmara ve Trakya bölgelerinde üretilen karaçalı (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) ballarının karakteristik özellikleri ile biyolojik aktif değerleri aydınlatıldı. Toplanan 18 adet karaçalı balları, Marmara bölgesinin farklı bölgelerinden, Bursa, Edirne ve Kırklareli'nin tecrübeli arıcılardan 2018 yılında bal hasat sezonunda ve çevresindeki üreticilerden temin edildi. Balların melissopalinolojik analizleri, fizikokimyasal parametre olarak, pH, nem, renk, iletkenlik ve optik rotasyon değerleri, kimyasal parametre olarak, prolin, şeker bileşenleri, toplam fenolik, flavonoid, tanen miktarları ve fenolik profil analizleri yapıldı. Biyolojik aktif özellik olarak antioksidan aktivite ve antimikrobiyal aktivite kapasiteleri araştırıldı. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre balların palonojik analizleri %65 ile %95 arasında monofloral özelliğe sahip olduğu bulundu. Elde edilen değerler, karaçalı balının monofloral çiçek balı niteliğinde ve yüksek antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklere sahip kıymetli bir bal olduğunu göstermektedir.