A small proportion of infertile women experience repeated oocyte maturation abnormalities (OMAS). OMAS include degenerated and dysmorphic oocytes, empty follicle syndrome, oocyte maturation arrest (OMA), resistant ovary syndrome and maturation defects due to primary ovarian insufficiency. Genetic factors play an important role in OMAS but still need specifications. This review documents the spectrum of OMAS and to evaluate the multiple subtypes classified as OMAS. In this review, readers will be able to understand the oocyte maturation mechanism, gene expression and their regulation that lead to different subtypes of OMAs, and it will discuss the animal and human studies related to OMAS and lastly the treatment options for OMAs. Literature searches using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence were performed to identify articles written in English focusing on Oocyte Maturation Abnormalities by looking for the following relevant keywords. A search was made with the specified keywords and included books and documents, clinical trials, animal studies, human studies, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews and options written in english. The search detected 3,953 sources published from 1961 to 2021. After title and abstract screening for study type, duplicates and relevancy, 2,914 studies were excluded. The remaining 1,039 records were assessed for eligibility by full-text reading and 886 records were then excluded. Two hundred and twenty seven full-text articles and 0 book chapters from the database were selected for inclusion. Overall, 227 articles, one unpublished and one abstract paper were included in this final review. In this review study, OMAS were classified and extensively evaluatedand possible treatment options under the light of current information, present literature and ongoing studies. Either genetic studies or in vitro maturation studies that will be handled in the future will lead more informations to be reached and may make it possible to obtain pregnancies.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxicity of the Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the neural system. Materials and methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into ABS (n: 15) and control (n: 15) groups. Following the anaesthetic induction, total laminectomy was performed to the lower thoracic, and upper lumbar areas in both groups and medulla spinalis was exposed. Two myelotomies were performed on the medulla spinalis. One millilitre ABS was applied to the incision site in the ABS group, and one millilitre 0.9% saline solution was applied in the control group. Rats were observed for 15 days regarding general behaviour, neurological signs, mobility, and signs of infection. Sixteen days later, all rats were decapitated under anaesthesia. Medulla spinalis was removed en bloc from all rats and was stained with Heamatoxylin & Eosin and luxol fast blue. Results: There was no significant difference between the ABS group and the control group regarding oedema, gliosis, the intensity of inflammatory cells, the presence of neuronal degeneration, neuron counts, and myelin degeneration. Conclusion: No clinical or histopathological evidence for the neurotoxic effect of the ABS was observed in the present study. Our findings might precipitate the use of ABS on human subjects regarding medulla spinalis surgery.

Objective: The objective of this article is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages occurring in the post–COVID-19 (post-coronavirus disease 2019) period in patients without classical risk factors (hypertension, anticoagulant therapy, or vascular malformations) and to assess the concordance of these findings with the existing literature. Materials and Methods: Between 2020 and 2024, 36 patients with a prior history of COVID-19 who presented with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were evaluated for age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), international normalized ratio (INR), hemorrhage type and anatomical location, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), rebleeding, and overall clinical outcomes. Patients with any macroscopic vascular pathology were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.0 years, and 61.1% were male. The overall mortality rate was 47.2%. Parenchymal hemorrhages comprised 55.6% of cases, subarachnoid hemorrhages 22.2%, and subdural hemorrhages 22.2%. Subarachnoid hemorrhages exhibited the highest mortality rate (87.5%). The mean GCS score was 8.2, and the mean modified Rankin Scale score at one year was 4.3. The GCS score was significantly associated with mortality (p=0.0001), whereas INR and age showed no significant relationship (p=0.2923 and p=0.6003, respectively). Conclusion: In the post–COVID-19 period, intracerebral hemorrhages occurring in patients without classical etiological factors represent a notable clinical entity. The high mortality and rates of functional dependency observed indicate that this patient group requires novel strategies for early diagnosis and long-term monitoring.

Bu çalışmada, Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG), invazif olmayan doğası ve yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüleme yetenekleri nedeniyle beyin tümörlerinin teşhisinde hayati bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, derin öğrenme algoritmalarının performanslarını karşılaştırdık. Kapsamlı bir MRG taramaları veri kümesi, modelimizi eğitmek ve doğrulamak için kullanıldı, bu da çeşitli tümör tipleri ve görüntüleme koşulları için sağlam bir performans sağladı. Sonuçlar, yakalama konusunda yüksek bir doğruluk ve hassasiyet elde ederek yaklaşımımızın etkinliğini göstermektedir. Çalışmamız, nöro görüntüleme alanında erken teşhis ve takip için etkili ve güvenilir araçların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bulgularımız, beyin MRG görüntü sınıflandırma görevleriyle uğraşırken uygun bir derin sinir ağı mimarisi seçmenin önemini vurgular. DenseNet-121, doğru ve güvenilir sınıflandırma için sağlam bir seçenek olarak ortaya çıkıyor ve klinik teşhis ve tıbbi görüntüleme alanlarında potansiyel uygulamalar sunuyor. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamız, MRG'nin beyin tümörü teşhisi açısından önemini ve derin öğrenme algoritmalarının doğruluğu ve hassasiyeti artırmadaki potansiyelini vurgular. DenseNet-121'e dayalı yaklaşımımız, nöro görüntüleme alanında hastaların bakımını ve sonuçlarını iyileştirmeye katkıda bulunarak klinik teşhis ve tıbbi görüntüleme uygulamaları için umut vaat etmektedir.