The causes and effects of being “not in education, employment, or training (NEET)” differ according to countries, regions, and even individuals. In this study, the relationship between the causes of young people being NEET and the effects of being NEET is examined on young people in Turkey. The data and scales of cause and effect that have high validity and reliability coefficients were used from in-person field research conducted with 3158 NEET young people by Istanbul University between September and December 2020 in Turkey. The influence of the causes of being NEET scale on the effects of being NEET scale was analyzed by the multivariable regression method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the effects of the individual, familial, educational, environmental, and labor market dimensions of the causes of being NEET scale on the effects of being NEET scale were significant.

The Oil Crisis erupted in 1974 has caused severe contractions in global investment and aggregate demand. In order to combat the consequences of this crisis, a new process has been initiated in the global economy under the leadership of developed countries such as the USA, Japan and Germany. This process dominated by neo-liberal economic policies has included opening up economies to foreign markets, and initiating deregulation policies in domestic labour, goods and capital markets. Since then, the production of new goods and services and their financing has become a new global agenda. In order to manage this new process, new economic associations have started to be established. One of these new associations is the BRICS countries. This process, called "globalization", has also affected financial markets. In this period, the types of financial instruments have increased, their usage has become widespread and financial markets have deepened. One of the most important areas affected by financial deepening, which has an increasing impact on the global economy, and has many economic impacts ranging from employment to balance of payments, from monetary policies to fiscal policies, is the distribution of income. In the present study, the effect of financial deepening on income distribution is examined for BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey). The study utilizes annual panel data for the period of 1993-2015. According to the results of the econometric analyses, an increase of 1% in domestic credits, which is one of the financial deepening indicators, decreases the Gini coefficient by about 0.068%, an increase of 1% in the stock exchange value increases the Gini coefficient by approximately 0.011%, and an increase of 1% in the financial system deposits increases the Gini coefficient by about 0.061%. In other words, financial deepening affects income distribution positively in one aspect and negatively in other. Therefore, it can be said that the empirical findings of the study support both the Inequality-Narrowing Hypothesis and the Inequality-Extending Hypothesis in the literature.

İLKE Vakfı olarak Türkiye’nin ihtiyaç duyduğu alanlarda bilgi, politika ve strateji üretiyoruz.

This study proposes a novel Adaptive Fermatean Fuzzy Set (AFFS) structure for multi-criteria decision-making problems characterized by high levels of uncertainty and hesitation in expert opinions. Unlike the fixed-exponent structure used in classical Fermatean fuzzy sets, the proposed model dynamically captures uncertainty based on the properties of alternatives by defining an adaptive exponent parameter for each assessment. In this context, new algebraic operations, a normalization approach, ranking mechanisms, distance and similarity measures, entropy-based information measures, and weighted aggregation operators have been developed for AFFS theory. Then, based on this theoretical structure, a new decision-making framework integrating the Adaptive Fermatean Fuzzy Delphi, DEMATEL, and MARCOS methods is proposed. The proposed approach allows for the determination of criterion weights and the more reliable ranking of alternatives by simultaneously considering expert consensus, information reliability, and uncertainty levels. The applicability of the method is demonstrated with a sample problem evaluating the impact of immigration policies on investment decisions. In the illustrative application, the largest criterion weight is assigned to Harmonization in Integration Policies ($K_3$, $w_3=0.202687$). The proposed AFF-MARCOS procedure yields $A_2$ as the highest-ranked alternative with $U_2=0.722755$, followed by $A_1$, $A_4$, $A_3$, and $A_5$.