The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.

Dental implants are thought to be implanted for life, but throughout their lifespan, they function in aggressive oral environment, resulting in corrosion of the material itself as well as possible inflammation of adjacent tissues. Therefore, materials and oral products for people with metallic intraoral appliances must be chosen carefully. The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of common titanium and cobalt–chromium alloys in interaction with various dry mouth products using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The study showed that different dry mouth products lead to different open circuit potentials, corrosion voltages, and currents. The corrosion potentials of Ti64 and CoCr ranged from −0.3 to 0 V and −0.67 to 0.7 V, respectively. In contrast to titanium, pitting corrosion was observed for the cobalt–chromium alloy, leading to the release of Co and Cr ions. Based on the results, it can be argued that the commercially available dry mouth remedies are more favorable for dental alloys in terms of corrosion compared to Fusayama Meyer’s artificial saliva. Thus, to prevent undesirable interactions, the individual characteristics of not only the composition of each patient’s tooth and jaw structure, but also the materials already used in their oral cavity and oral hygiene products, must be taken into account.

Galvanic phenomena in the oral cavity are associated with the presence in the oral cavity of metal structures and inclusions of dissimilar metals (crowns, implants, inlays, pins). These phenomena can occur in the vast majority of dental patients. The review article analyzes the literature on galvanic processes in the oral cavity, methods for their diagnosis, and also touches upon the issues of terminology in describing galvanic processes in the oral cavity. Methods for determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures and inclusions in the mouth and their diagnostic value are considered in a comparative manner in terms of theoretical and physical aspects of their advantages and disadvantages for practical use in the clinic. The necessity of developing a unified method for determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures and inclusions located in the oral cavity, its theoretical basis and clinical approbation in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of galvanic syndrome in patients with a dental profile is substantiated.

Introduction. Lactoferrin is a cationic monomeric glycoprotein produced by acinar cells and glands, present in different places of the mucous membrane in different concentrations. In connection with the development of various variants of hygienic and medicinal products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity based on lactoferrin, there was a need for an objective assessment of its antibacterial and antibiofilms properties, followed by an analysis of the preservation of activity in various variants of the isolation of this protein from the substrate and storage.Aim - to improve the effectiveness of evaluating the antibacterial activity of lactoferrin and the duration of its preservation in various biological substrates containing the active substance and individual experimental batches of the manufactured drug using automatic cultivation.Materials and methods. As part of the experiment, a microbiological diagnostic technique employing a system for the automatic cultivation of microbial populations was used. A pre-prepared bacterial suspension was inoculated into the nutrient broth and the studied lactoferrin samples were added, followed by cultivation and analysis of the possible antibacterial effects of transferrin protein. To determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains, we used our own modification of the serial dilution method developed at the Department of microbiology, virology, immunology of the A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. The experiment was based on the programmed automatic cultivation using the RTS-1 bioreactor. The interpretation of the results was carried out by changing the optical density at a wavelength of λ = 850 nm. The study of the growth dynamics of microorganisms was carried out in several repetitions, which was reflected in the graphs of the development of bacterial populations. The assessment of the growth control of the corresponding bacterial species was reflected in the change in the optical density values, on the basis of which the curve was built. Results and discussion. According to the results of an experimental study of the growth curves of bacterial populations, statistically significant differences in the number of viable cells in different phases of the growth curves were noted, when using different lactoferrin samples. Higher activity of human recombinant lactoferrin samples was established. An analysis of growth dynamics revealed differences in the onset of the maximum reproduction and its inhibition under the influence of various aggravating factors during cultivation. The bacteriostatic effect of lactoferrin is realized through the binding of iron ions, depriving the bacteria of this microelement, causing inhibition of their development. Along with this, lactoferrin is active against certain virulence factors of microorganisms, splitting them like serine proteases, and thus prevents their penetration into human cells.Conclusion. The method used for automatic cultivation of microorganisms in the bioreactor used allows one to obtain reproducible results, is available for wide use, and can be recommended for obtaining objective, comparable, reliable information about the antimicrobial properties of various samples of the bactericidal protein lactoferrin produced by the domestic pharmaceutical industry. The studied substrate containing recombinant human lactoferrin of Russian production is characterized by high antibacterial activity that persists for 3 years as minimum.

Aim: to study the effect of low-intensity laser radiation of the violet range on the microcirculation processes in periodontal tissues in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods: the study involved 60 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity, who were divided into two groups of 30 patients. Both groups received standard complex treatment - removal of dental deposits and curettage of periodontal pockets. In the first group, therapy with low-intensity laser radiation of the violet range was also used. The indicators were recorded before treatment, one month after treatment, three months after treatment, and six months after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics 23 with a critical significance level of p < 0.05. Results: the study found that after treatment, both groups showed an improvement in the ratio between myogenic and neurogenic vascular tonus in the microcirculatory bed. The level of shunting in the first group was 15% lower than in the second group (p < 0.05). In the group with laser therapy, the level of microcirculation decreased slightly after three months (p > 0.05). According to wavelet analysis, the shunting index in the first group was 33% lower than in the second group after three months (p < 0.05). After six months, microcirculation worsened in both groups. In the first group, microcirculation was 29.3% higher, and shunting was 29.2% lower (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the study showed that the use of low-intensity laser radiation in the violet range in the treatment of moderate chronic generalized periodontitis improves microcirculation in the periodontium.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Оценка длительности фиксации адгезивных средств при лечении травматических поражений слизистой оболочки рта. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В исследовании приняли участие 20 пациентов с механической травмой слизистой оболочки рта, которые были поделены на 2 группы. В 1-й группе область поражения заклеивали кератопластической пленкой с солкосерилом, во 2-й группе — заживляющим пластырем с витамином E. Адгезивное средство наклеивали на пораженную область согласно инструкции, время наклеивания записывали, пациенты были предупреждены о необходимости известить врача посредством мессенджеров или sms-сообщения о времени отклеивания или рассасывания адгезивного средства. Оценку проводили методом вариационной статистики (критерий t Стьюдента для независимых выборок). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Время удержания адгезивного средства во рту выражали в минутах, среднее значение в 1-й группе составило 48,4±9,9 мин, во 2-й группе — 127,70±49,07 мин. Фиксация заживляющего пластыря с витамином E была достоверно более длительной, чем кератопластической пленки с солкосерилом (p=0,000180). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Оба средства обеспечивали достаточный защитный эффект в период удержания. Однако в клинических ситуациях, когда необходимо обеспечение более длительного барьерного защитного эффекта для поврежденной поверхности слизистой оболочки рта, целесообразно использовать заживляющий пластырь с витамином E.