BACKGROUND: Research competence is one of the important competencies of a medical teacher. AIM: The aim of study was to evaluate the research competencies teachers (n = 90) by online questionnaires. METHODS: The questionnaire assessed transferable research skills, research-specific skills (research design, data collection, and analysis), research experience, attitude, and motivation to conduct research. RESULTS: About 55% of respondents are fully aware of the research activities at their university. Higher rates in transferred skills were established: Teamwork (average score 8/10: 55.5%), and ability to collect information (average score 8/10: 47.9%). Low general skills (project management and time management) are 15.6% and 12.2% of the teachers surveyed. Low indicators of specific research skills of biostatistics (average score 1/4–18.9%) and article submission (average score 1/4–13.2%) were revealed. Competence of male teachers is higher than that of women in their transmitted information collection skills (Z = 2.6, p = 0.008), evaluation of information (Z = 2.4, p = 0.015), and problem solving (Z = 2.3, p = 0.02). Specific research skills did not depend on the gender and affiliation to the department. Most teachers understood the term “research” as “the process of obtaining new knowledge,” and “experimenting and/or testing hypotheses.” Skills require improvement: Biostatistics skills, design definition, preparation of abstracts, and articles. Most respondents showed high motivation (71.1%) to conduct research. CONCLUSION: The research competencies of university teachers’ need to be improved. It is necessary to focus on the integration of special research skills in programs on all levels of education.

Depression and anxiety in cardiovascular disease worsen the prognosis of patients. Treatments for these disorders often provide limited improvement. The present study aimed to test, for the first time, the impact of educational technology on anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program. A 12-month randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 207 patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 76) or control (n = 69) groups. The intervention involved a structured patient education program provided by medical students who had undergone specially designed training in cardiac rehabilitation. The primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, heart failure, and recurrent myocardial infarction. The study also assessed anxiety and depression. A year later, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depression on the HADS scale, with reductions of 2.0 and 1.9 points, respectively (p < 0.05). The control group showed reductions of 1.5 and 1.2 points (p < 0.05). The difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression between the groups at 12 months was −1.29 in favor of the main group (95% CI, −0.7 to −1.88), and the standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.69). No treatment-related adverse events were observed. The results suggest that educational interventions can have a positive impact on mental health. The study’s strengths include a structured intervention, randomization, and long-term follow-up. The limitations include the lack of blinding of study participants and a relatively small sample size.

Үй жағдайында жасалынатын бейресми күтім тәжірибесін толық түсіну үшін күтім жасаушының жынысы, отбасылық қарым-қатынасы және мәдени көзқарасы секілді күтім контекстіне әсер ететін нақты факторларды зеттеу қажет. Аталмыш факторлардың арасында әсіресе жыныс пен жастың күтімге әсер етуі назар аударады.Бұл зерттеу Medline, Scopus, Web of Science мәліметтер базаларын пайдалану арқылы жүзеге асырылды. Іздеу стратегиясы келесі MeSH (Медициналық Ақпараттандырушы Тақырыптар) терминдерін қамтыды: "бейресми күтім", "қамқоршы", "денсаулық проблемалары", "жұмыс проблемалары", "әлеуметтік мәселелер", "жыныстық факторлар", "гендерлік айырмашылықтар".Егде жастағы адамдарға бейресми күтім жасаушылардың арасындағы гендерлік айырмашылықтар туралы алдыңғы зерттеулер әйелдердің бұл рөлде басым екенін көрсетті. Сонымен қатар күтім жасау тәжірибесіндегі айырмашылықтарды, сондай-ақ психикалық және физикалық денсаулық проблемаларын, күтімге жұмсалған уақытты бөлуді және төленбейтін жұмыстың әсер етуіндегі айырмашылықтар, төленбейтін жұмысты бөлудегі теңсіздік, сондай-ақ, жалақы мен зейнетақы төлемдеріндегі айырмашылықтар орын алған.. Гендерлік теңдікке қол жеткізу, ерлер мен әйелдердің отбасылық және кәсіби міндеттері арасындағы теңгерімді қамтамасыз ету үшін үй жағдайындағы күтімді жыныстар арасында да, отбасы мен мемлекет арасында да қайта бөліп қарастыру қажет. Ұлттық деңгейде үйде күтім көрсету қызметтерін жүзеге асырудағы гендерлік теңсіздікті азайтуға бағытталған маңызды саясаттық шараларды келесі санаттарға бөлуге болады: ұзақ мерзімді күтім қызметтерінің сапасын және қолжетімділігін арттыру; отбасылық демалыс пен икемді еңбек тәртібін қолданылуда гендерлік қорғауды енгізу; жұмыспен қамтуға байланысты бейресми қамқоршылар үшін экономикалық кедергілерді жою және қалыптасқан гендерлік нормалар мен стереотиптермен күресу. To comprehensively understand of the informal caregiving experience, it is essential to conduct an in-depth investigation into the caregiving context, including gender, family dynamics, and the caregiver's cultural background. Among these factors, considerable research attention has been dedicated to examining the impact of gender on caregiving. The objective of this study is to scrutinize studies that explore the association between informal care and the well-being of caregivers, with a particular focus on gender disparities within the caregiving domain. A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by querying the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy incorporated specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including "informal care", "caregiver", "health problems", "employment difficulties", "social problems", "gender", and "gender disparities". Earlier investigations into gender distinctions among caregivers for older adults have demonstrated a predominance of female caregivers, disparities in caregiving experiences, mental and physical health-related challenges, time allocation dedicated to caregiving, exposure to unpaid labor, inequalities in the distribution of unpaid work, caregiving responsibilities, and economic implications, including disparities in remuneration and pension entitlements. To promote gender equality and achieve a balance between family and work responsibilities for both men and women, there is a need to redistribute informal caregiving tasks between genders and between family and government entities. Key policy measures to address gender disparities in the provision of home care services at a national level can be grouped into four main categories: improving the quality, accessibility, and availability of long-term care; including gender considerations in the design and implementation of family leave policies and flexible work arrangements; removing economic barriers for caregivers' employment; and challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes. Для более полного понимания опыта неформального ухода требуется более точное изучение контекста ухода, который включает в себя такие аспекты, как пол, семейные отношения и культурный фон ухаживающего лица. Из всех этих факторов особое внимание исследователей привлекает вопрос о влиянии пола на процесс...

The growing number of older adults with long-term health issues has led to more family members becoming informal caregivers. These caregivers play a crucial role in providing care to their elderly loved ones. However, this caregiving can be physically and emotionally demanding, affecting the caregivers’ own well-being. This scientific mini-review examines various ways, known as “interventions,” that can help ease the challenges faced by informal caregivers and improve their quality of life. These interventions can include things like training programs, support groups, or using technology to assist caregivers. To get the most up-to-date information, we looked at the recent systematic reviews and studies published in the last 5 years. We searched for this information in three widely recognized electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus with full text. These interventions show promise in making life easier for informal caregivers and improving their quality of life. This mini review intends to offer insights into how these interventions can be beneficial, serving as a resource for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers working to enhance the well-being of both caregivers and the elderly individuals they care for.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the training module with a simulator of cardiology improves auscultation skills in medical students. Methods. Medical students of the third year after completing the module of the cardiovascular system of the discipline “Propaedeutics of internal diseases, passed a two-hour or four-hour training module in clinical auscultation with retesting immediately after the intervention and in the fourth year. The control group consisted of fourth-year medical students who had no intervention. Results. The diagnostic accuracy in two-hour training was 45.9% vs 35.3% in four-hour training p <.001. The use of a cardio simulator significantly increased the accurate detection of mitral regurgitation immediately after training on a simulator (more than 73%) p <.001. The next academic year, regression was observed in the diagnostic accuracy of mitral insufficiency in the intervention group after six months of observation by 4%. The auscultation skills of students at the bedside of real patients did not increase after training on a simulator: the accuracy of diagnosis of the auscultatory picture of the defect was equally low in the intervention group and the control group (35.0% vs 30.8%, p = 0.651). Conclusions. Two-hour training was more effective than four-hour training. After training on cardiac auscultation using a patient’s cardiological simulator, the accuracy rate was low in a situation close to the clinical conditions and a clinic on a real patient.