This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of several types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from plant waste and the dose of P fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice on degraded acid soil. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor (A) was several types of LOF consisting of A1 (control), A2 (LOF containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria), A3 (LOF-banana waste), and A4 (A2+A3). The second factor (B) was fertilizer doses consisting of B1 (50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), B2 (75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), and B3 (100% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer). The treatment combinations were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The research results showed that applying either LOF-banana waste or the mixture of LOF-banana waste and LOF-containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria improved plant height, the number of tillers, and N and P uptake by the plant. The rice grain yields among the treatments were not significantly different, but the highest rice grain yield (139.8 g/pot) was obtained at the treatment of the mixture of LOF-P isolate + LOF-banana waste (A2+A3 treatments). The 75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer was not significantly different from 100% P fertilizer with LOF on growth and yield upland rice and nutrient uptake by the plant.

One obstacle in soybean cultivation is the presence of pests and diseases. The concept of IPM is a concept of pest control that arises and develops due to human awareness of the dangers of pesticide use that continues to increase both for the environment and public health. This study aimed to determine the intensity of attack by major plant diseases and the number of natural enemies in soybean plants on acid dry land and the population of natural enemies in Lampung This research was conducted in Margototo Village, Metro Kibang District, East Lampung Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) and 10 replications, the treatment plot size was 500 m2 by 30 plots. in each treatment 10 random sample plants were determined with 3 technology packages, which are technology for farmers (A), specific location technology (B), recommendations technology (C). Data analysis used Minitab. The results showed that at plant age 35 Days After Planting (DAP) for armyworm attacks ranged between 17.6 - 18.4%, however there was no significant difference between treatments. The attack of leaf folding ranged between 0.8-7.6% and the highest in treatment A was significantly different from treatment B and C. In general, the highest intensity of pest and disease attacks (gray, leaf folding and leaf rust) was in treatment A and significantly different from treatment B and C. While the existence of the highest natural spider enemies in treatment B and C, compared to treatment A. However, the existence of natural enemies, Menochilus sp., was not significantly different between treatments.

Efforts to increase soybean production can be done in various ways, one of which is planting soybean varieties that are resistant to attacks pests and diseases, as well as acidic land conditions.The use of rock phosphate and biochar has been widely used to improve land conditions.The research aims to determine the effect of rock phosphate and biochar on the intensity of pests and diseases of soybean variety Demas-1. The research was carried out at Natar Experimental Garden, Negara Ratu Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency. Ultisols soil type with medium soil fertility, soil pH 4.8. The research location is at coordinates 05o19'17"South Latitude and 105o10'29" East Longitude, with an altitude of 131.9 m above sea level. The research was carried out from March to June 2019. The research used a two-factor Randomized Block Design, namely Corn cob Biochar (A) and Rock phosphate (B) treatment, with 3 replications using the soybean variety Demas-1. The results showed , the level of rust disease attack for the Demas-1 variety was quite resistant, leaf rust attacks ranged from 3.3% - 7.33%, whereas in the A1B1 treatment without rock phosphate and biochar there were no rust disease attacks. These results indicate that Demas-1 plants are resistant to leaf rust disease. On plants aged 65 HST, armyworm attacks in each treatment were not significantly different, attacks reached 34%, the category of attacks that occurred on soybean plants was included in the "medium" category, ranging between >20-<45%. Application of biochar doses of 6, 8 and 10 tons ha-1 tended to increase plant growth, in the characteristics of plant height, number of branches, number of filled pods and seed weight of the Demas-1 variety soybean planting.

Pests and diseases are one of the factors that cause yield loss in maize plants. The application of biourine to maize plants is considered an effective method to control pests and diseases of maize. The study aimed to determine the infestations of pest and disease populations in maize crops after biourine application. The study was located in Ponco Kresno Village, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The treatments studied included two types of bio activators, namely Formula-1 (containing Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cereviceae, and Azotobacter sp.) with additives molasses + pineapple) and Formula-2 (containing Trichoderma sp., yeast, Pleurotus sp., and Bacillus sp.) with additives molasses+pineapple, and the four concentrations of biourine applied (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The study used a completely randomized block design with nine treatment packages and three replications. The results showed that Formula-2, with a concentration of 5%, had the lowest pests and disease infestation (4.08%) compared to other treatments at the age of 17 days after planting. The study’s results indicated that biourine affects the intensity of pest and disease attacks, although it was not significantly lower than the control plots. Further research is needed to improve the application frequency and method.

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of microbes from the rumen contents of cattle as antagonists of pathogenic fungi and as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) containing P-solubilizing bacteria in rice plants. The mixture consisting of 5 kg rumen contents of cattle, 2 kg of rice bran, 1 kg of molasses, and 10 L of tap water was fermented for 14 days. After fermentation, the mixture was filtered to separate the liquid from the solid components. The solid portion was collected for the isolation and screening of contained bacteria. Subsequent tests included biochemical tests, antagonistic activity tests, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, phosphate solubilization ability testing, inhibitory ability study, and application of LOF in a screen house. One bacterial isolate (PTK2TB code) exhibited the highest antagonistic activity against three tested pathogenic fungi (inhibits more than 50%). Subsequent 16SrDNA sequence analysis showed that this isolate belongs to the same group as the type strain and reference strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Furthermore, out of the 90 bacterial isolates obtained, 20 demonstrated a high capacity for phosphate solubilization. Additionally, LOF containing phosphate-solubilizing bacterial isolates positively impacted rice growth and yield.