Functional wetting surfaces have excellent prospects in applications including self-cleaning, anti-fog, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, droplet control, and friction power generation. Laser micromachining technology is an advanced method for preparing such functional surfaces with high efficiency and quality. To fully exploit the potential of laser micromachining and the related hybrid methods, a wide spectrum of knowledge is needed. The present review systematically discusses the process capabilities and research developments of laser micromachining and its hybrid methods considering the research both in basic and practical fields. This paper outlines the relevant literature, summarizes the characteristics of functional wetting surfaces and also the basic scientific requirements for laser micromachining technology. Finally, the challenges and potential applications of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surface are briefly discussed. This review fills the gap in the research literature by presenting an extended literature source with a wide coverage of recent developments.

This work reports on a systematic investigation of the microstructure and comprehensive performance of Cu–Fe immiscible composite coatings prepared through the combination of mechanical alloying and laser cladding. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive analysis, X-ray diffraction, a digital microhardness tester, a current tester, an electrochemical analyzer, and a magnetometer. The results show that the immiscible composite coatings are mainly composed of α-Fe particle dispersion in the ε-Cu matrix due to liquid phase separation, and this is exacerbated by the addition of more Fe content. Concentrated distribution of Fe-rich particles at either the top or bottom of the immiscible composite coatings is driven by the dominant mechanism of Marangoni and Stokes motion. With the increased fraction of Fe content, the microhardness and electrical resistivity increased, but with a degradation in corrosion resistance. With the increased ball milling time, the electrical resistivity increased, and the corrosion resistance improved. Compared to the medium-carbon steel substrate, the immiscible composite coatings can achieve an improved corrosion resistance, as well as a maximum saturated magnetization of 10.172 emu/g and the lowest coercivity at 17.249 Oe.

Bioreactors are crucial for biopharmaceutical engineering, and their properties have an important impact on cell cultivation. Orbitally shaken bioreactors (OSRs) are gradually gaining more and more attention because of their special operational advantages and suitability for disposable cultivation. In this paper, the performance of OSRs is analyzed in comparison to stirred tank bioreactors (STRs). CFD models were established to investigate the difference in fluid dynamics between OSRs and STRs at the same power input levels. The CFD and experiment data showed that mixing and oxygen transfer needed less energy in OSRs than in STRs. Moreover, the shear stress was still at a low level for agitation behaviors in both OSRs and STRs.

Electrochemical machining is widely recognized as a high-efficiency, low-cost and high-precision non-traditional machining technology for the manufacturing of turbine blade components. Nevertheless, in the practical electrochemical machining of turbine blades, the uneven spatial distribution of electric field intensity within the inter-electrode machining gap inevitably causes inconsistent anodic dissolution, which significantly deteriorates the final surface quality of machined blades. A set of comparative machining experiments were conducted on Inconel 625 superalloy. The experimental results fully verified that pulsed current machining could effectively improve the surface integrity and surface quality, and the optimal matching electrical parameters were successfully determined through systematic data analysis. The essential improvement mechanism lied in the effective suppression of stray current-induced scattered dissolution under pulsed power supply, which was highly consistent with the numerical simulation conclusions.

The advanced manufacturing of metal micro-holes is of great significance in various fields of industrial production, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare. New technologies are constantly emerging, including various multi-energy field manufacturing technologies, and the knowledge system is complex and intricate. The present article summarizes recent advancements in metal micro-hole manufacturing technologies, drawing parallels with existing laser processing and electrochemical processing technologies. The present systematic review has been conducted with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the latest methodologies. The present review paper is of particular significance in that it encompasses not only the fundamental principles and innovative process methods, but also the most recent research progress and current problems. Furthermore, a synopsis of the developmental trajectory of advanced sustainable manufacturing technology for micro-holes was furnished.