The enlarged central part M–H loop shows for the Co = 0.09 doped ZnO sample, the ferromagnetic (FM) behavior increased, i.e., a M_r of 0.2412 emu g⁻¹ with a H_c of 85 Oe.

(a) dielectric constant, (b) dielectric loss and (c) AC conductivity vs. frequency for un-doped and 5 at% Co-doped TiO₂ NPs.

Electronic devices featuring biomimetic behaviour as electronic synapses and neurons have motivated the emergence of a new era in information and humanoid robotics technologies. In the human body, a nociceptor is a unique sensory neuron receptor that is capable of detecting harmful signals, leading to the central nervous system initiating a motor response. Herein, a nickel-doped zinc oxide (NZO)/Au based memristor is fabricated for the first time and characterized for artificial nociceptor application. For this, the introduction of a nickel-doped zinc oxide (NZO) layer between P⁺⁺-Si and Au electrodes is used to eliminate the surface effects of the NZO layer, resulting in improved volatile threshold switching performance. Depending on the intensity, duration, and repetition rate of the external stimuli, this newly created memristor exhibits various critical nociceptive functions, including threshold, relaxation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. The electron trapping/detrapping to/from the traps in the NZO layer is responsible for these nociceptive properties. This kind of NZO-based device produces a multifunctional nociceptor performance that is essential for applications in artificial intelligence systems, such as neural integrated devices with nanometer-sized features.

The structure parameters of the synthesize ZnO, Zn _0.96 Gd _0.04 O and Zn _{0.96− x} Gd _0.04 Co _x O (Co = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.04) diluted magnetic semiconductor nanotubes.

We study the potentialities of a two-color Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectroscopy nanosizer by monitoring the assembling of a colloidal dispersion of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on SiO₂ surface. When the AuNPs/water composite’s optical density layer is negligible and the electron mean-free path limitation is taken into account in the AuNPs’ dielectric constant;s formulation, the surface density σ of the nanoparticle array and the statistical mean size of the nanoparticles can be straightly determined by using two-color SPR spectroscopy in the context of Maxwell’s Garnett theory. The optical method, demonstrated experimentally for AuNPs with a nominal mean diameter of 15 nm, can, theoretically, be extended to bigger nanoparticles, based on a simple scaling relation between the extinction cross section of the single nanoparticle σ_ext and the surface density σ. The experimental results, comparable to those obtained by AFM, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering technique, establish a novel insight on the SPR spectroscopy’s potential to accurately characterize nanomaterials.